LIKE-FOR-LIKE AND COMPATIBLE MORTARS FOR THE REPAIR OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS

The subject of this paper is traditional mortar preparation and materials, particularly earth-lime and air or feebly hydraulic hot mixed lime mortars with particular emphasis upon British practice and experience, whilst stressing their international ubiquity historically. It will demonstrate their appropriate functional performance and attest to the need to use similar mortars, similarly composed and prepared, in the repair and conservation of traditionally constructed buildings. It will question how commonly modern Natural Hydraulic Limes may be considered to be like-for-like or of compatible strength and functional performance. The paper will draw upon extensive research into historic texts, as well as primary archive research into historic building accounts and the latest research into the properties of lime rich air lime mortars and NHL mortars.

THE ISSUE OF PREPARATION AND MATERIALS CONTENT OF ABOUT THE HARM COMPENSATION CAUSED BY THE CONVICTED ON WHILE ESCAPE PENAL INSTITUTION

Статья посвящена вопросам привлечения к материальной ответственности осужденных в связи с совершением побега или уклонением от отбывания наказания в виде лишения свободы в свете ст. 102 УИК. Авторами рассматриваются понятие и виды побегов, анализируются статистические данные по количеству совершенных побегов с 2006 г. Проанализирована практика работы по вопросам возмещения осужденными затрат, связанных с розыском и задержанием во время побега в рамках гражданского, уголовно-исполнительного и гражданско-процессуального законодательства. Выделены основные формы выражения имущественного вреда в гражданских правоотношениях. Анализируются понятия ущерба, реального ущерба и вреда в широком смысле. Предлагаются рекомендации по подготовке примерного перечня и содержания документов, необходимых для обращения в суд общей юрисдикции с исками о возмещении ущерба причиненного при побеге осужденными; а также по предоставлению статистической отчетности о количестве вышеуказанных исков на официальных сайтах ФСИН и судов общей юрисдикции. Авторами в свете проведенного исследования сделаны выводы, что практика взыскания материального ущерба, причиненного лицами, осужденными к лишению свободы, в связи с совершением побега или невозвращения в исправительное учреждение в случае разрешения выезда за пределы исправительного учреждения, имеет положительную тенденцию. The article is devoted to the issues of bringing to financial responsibility of convicts in connection with the escape or evasion of serving a sentence of imprisonment in the light of article 102 of the criminal code. The authors consider the concept and types of escapes, analyze statistical data on the number of committed escapes since 2006. The article analyzes the practice of work on the issues of compensation of convicted persons for expenses related to search and detention during escape in the framework of civil, criminal and civil procedure legislation. The main forms of expression of property damage in civil relations are highlighted. The concepts of damage, real damage and harm in a broad sense are analyzed. Recommendations are offered on preparation of the approximate list and contents of the documents necessary for the appeal to court of General jurisdiction with claims for compensation of the damage caused at escape condemned; and also providing statistical reporting on number of the above-mentioned claims on official sites of Federal penitentiary service and courts of General jurisdiction. The authors in the light of the study concluded that the practice of collecting material damage caused by persons sentenced to imprisonment in connection with the escape or failure to return to a correctional institution in the case of permission to leave the correctional institution, has a positive trend.

TOEIC materials and preparation questions: Interview with an ETS representative

Having been granted a sabbatical leave from teaching to research various aspects of TOEIC while at Asian University, Thailand,in 2009, I had the opportunity to contact Robert Woodhead, a test writer for the Center for Professional Assessment (Thailand). He was very knowledgeable about Educational Testing Services (ETS), the producers of both the TOEIC and TOEFL tests. He kindly agreed to be interviewed on the subject of test preparation and materials. The interview questions were based on the guidelines given in recent examinee handbooks, the aim being to see to what extent a live interview with an expert would confirm the preparation points and perhaps shed more light on their implications.