Supplemental Material: Narrow is normal: Exploring the extent and significance of flooded marine shelves in icehouse, transitional, and greenhouse climate settings

Tabulated data and calculations for the nine clinoform margin systems included in the study, and further explanation of the method used to determine and measure marine topset widths from well-log and outcrop data.<br>

Supplemental Material: Narrow is normal: Exploring the extent and significance of flooded marine shelves in icehouse, transitional, and greenhouse climate settings

Tabulated data and calculations for the nine clinoform margin systems included in the study, and further explanation of the method used to determine and measure marine topset widths from well-log and outcrop data.<br>

Estimates of Late Albian atmospheric CO2 based on stomata of Pseudofrenelopsis from Jilin Province, Northeast China

Stomata characteristics of two extinct conifer Cheirolepidiaceae species, Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis and Pseudofrenelopsis dalatzensis were used to reconstruct the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration levels during the late Albian of Cretaceous. A sequence of fossil samples was collected from 5 beds in the Dalazi Formation in Zhixin and Luozigou basins of Jilin Province, northeastern China. The stomatal index was used to estimate the palaeo-pCO2. The average stomatal index value of the two species was 4.1 and the atmospheric CO2 content was ∼1200 ppmv by the average of Recent standardization and Carboniferous standardization. During the short interval of 104.8±0.5 Ma to 104.0±0.4 Ma in the late Albian, the atmospheric CO2 contents present a deceasing tendency, and the highest value was ∼1300 ppmv in the Luozigou Basin. In addition, the higher atmospheric CO2 values of late Albian likely linked to a “greenhouse climate” time of Oceanic anoxic event 1c (OAE1c).

Energy and Water Related Parameters in Tomato and Cucumber Greenhouse Crops in Semiarid Mediterranean Regions. A Review, Part I: Increasing Energy Efficiency

Countries located in the Mediterranean region share many common features in terms of agricultural sustainability and economic realities of modern farming, as they are affected by water scarcity, energy use and climate suitability. Greenhouses are considered as a mitigation measure to combat climate change and as a sustainable production system. The majority of greenhouses in the Mediterranean region are rudimentary, while those in Central and North Europe are characterized by equipment of a high technological level for greenhouse climate and fertigation management. However, the technological innovations and research originating from Central and North Europe glasshouses may not be appropriate for use in Mediterranean plastic greenhouses when considering the trade-off between agronomic needs and potential energy savings. Identifying energy measures suitable for the local climate will improve energy efficiency and crop performance toward the goal of greenhouse sustainability. This review mainly focuses on renewable and energy-efficient control systems in Mediterranean greenhouses, where crops such as tomato and cucumber are widely grown.

Integration of Active Solar Thermal Technologies in Greenhouses: A Mini Review

Traditional agricultural greenhouses have been used to grow vegetables in the winter without any auxiliary heating. However, crop production is highly influenced by soil and air temperatures, humidity, and solar radiation. The aim of this paper is to review the recent active solar thermal technologies that help reduce the energy demand for greenhouse climate control and achieve intensive crop production. The review is categorized into the following topics: 1) locations for collector installation; 2) discussion on the different types of solar collectors, which include metal-based, glass-based, ceramic-based, plastic-based, and hybrid photovoltaic/thermal types for greenhouse applications; 3) heat release systems in active greenhouses in terms of basal heating, backwall heating, and air heating systems; and 4) short-term and long-term heat storage systems for greenhouses. Future studies on active solar greenhouses might focus on microclimate prediction, long-term heat storage, and system optimization.

Centennial to millennial variability of greenhouse climate across the mid-Cenomanian event

Centennial- to millennial-scale climate variations are often attributed to solar forcing or internal climate system variability, but recognition of such variations in the deep-time paleoclimate record is extremely rare. We present an exceptionally well-preserved, millimeter-scale laminated marlstone from a succession of precession-driven limestone-marlstone couplets deposited in the Western Interior Seaway (North America) immediately preceding and during the Cretaceous mid-Cenomanian event (ca. 96.5 Ma). Sedimentological, geochemical, and micropaleontological data indicate that individual pairs of light-dark laminae record alternations in the extent of water-column mixing and oxygenation. Principal component analysis of X-ray fluorescence element counts and a grayscale scan of a continuous thin section through the marlstone reveal variations with 80–100 yr, 200–230 yr, 350–500 yr, ~1650 yr, and 4843 yr periodicities. A substantial fraction of the data indicates an anoxic bottom water variation with a pronounced 10,784 yr cycle. The centennial to millennial variations are reminiscent of those found in Holocene total solar irradiance variability, and the 10,784 yr anoxia cycle may be a manifestation of semi-precession-influenced Tethyan oxygen minimum zone waters entering the seaway.

Supplemental Material: Centennial to millennial variability of greenhouse climate across the mid-Cenomanian event

Background of the studied interval, time series analysis of the grayscale of the marls, micropaleontology, and supplemental figures and tables.

Supplemental Material: Centennial to millennial variability of greenhouse climate across the mid-Cenomanian event

Background of the studied interval, time series analysis of the grayscale of the marls, micropaleontology, and supplemental figures and tables.