Latent lip print: A comparative study of developers

Identification of a person is of paramount importance in a medico-legal investigation. At present more and more people use protecting lipsticks and permanent lipsticks. With these lipsticks a latent lip print is generated by contact with a surface and, like with the latent fingerprints occur, this latent lip print can be developed. This study aims to retrieve latent lip prints from various inanimate surfaces like thermocoal plate, bone china, and glass to compare the efficacy of developers i.e., fingerprint powder, Sudan III, Vermillion, and its comparison with standard lipstick prints. Current research assesses the effectiveness of particular surfaces in the retrieval of lip print in personnel identification. This study included a total of 30 subjects. Latent lip print was developed on the different inanimate surfaces by pressing the lips against the different vehicles. After collecting samples, a camel hair brush was used to retrieve all three chemicals individually by simply tapping on all three surfaces. Application of chemicals was continued until the print became clearly visible for the study. Developed latent lip print was then compared with the visible lip print. Subsequently, a standard lipstick print was developed from the same subject. All the samples were coded and graded according to the patterns suggested in the literature. Discrete (categorical) data were summarized in number and percentage and compared by chi-square (χ2) test. Analyses were performed on SPSS software (Windows version 17.0).: The overall (i.e., total of all three surfaces) favourable outcome was found highest in Fingerprint powder (58.9%) followed by Sudan III (28.9%) and Vermilion (10.0%) the least (Vermilion < Sudan III < Fingerprint powder).Comparing the overall outcomes of three developers, χ2 test showed significantly different and higher favourable outcome in Fingerprint powder as compared to both Sudan III and Vermilion (χ2=92.09, p<0.001) The study found Fingerprint powder the best developer and Thermocol plate the best surface. The findings of this study may be beneficial for investigators.

Evaluasi kecacingan dan gambaran lemak feses kucing dengan gejala diare

Konsistensi dan warna feses kucing yang berubah merupakan indikasi adanya gangguan saluran pencernaan. Kajian ini mengevaluasi telur cacing dan gambaran lemak feses pada kucing yang mengalami diare. Kucing domestik sebanyak 5 ekor mengalami gejala klinis berupa anoreksia, letargi, rambut rontok, serta diare dengan skor feses 2/5 dan 3/5. Pemeriksaan feses dengan metode uji apung menunjukkan adanya telur cacing Toxocara sp., Strongyloides sp., dan Trichuris sp. Pemeriksaan lemak dengan pewarnaan Sudan III menunjukkan 2 ekor kucing mengalami steatorrhea. Kucing didiagnosis mengalami kecacingan dengan prognosis fausta. Terapi yang diberikan berupa sediaan antelmintik tablet.

Effect of Aspirin on Experimental Atherosclerosis in Rabbits Submitted to Hypercholesterolemic Diet

Aspirin, besides its antithrombotic activity, has also been quoted for protective effect reducing new coronary lesions. Objective: Considering the growing interest in the study of drugs that prevent the progression of atherosclerotic lesion, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of aspirin in experimental atherogenesis induced in rabbits fed with cholesterol rich diets. Method: Thirty adult, New Zealand white male rabbits, with 3.4 kg of body weight were submitted to a 1.5% cholesterol-rich-diet for 9 weeks. Aspirin was triturated, mixed with chloroform and incorporated to the normal chow. The drug was given to the rabbits every day in portions of 20 g of chow with 100 mg of aspirin. The rabbits were divided in 3 groups as follows: A) Cholesterol-rich-diet (n=10); B) Cholesterol-rich-diet plus aspirin (n=10) and C) Normal chow (n=10). Blood samples were collected before starting the diet, at 5 weeks and at sacrifice (9 weeks) for determination of total cholesterol, triglycerides, enzymes and hematological tests. After sacrifice, staining of the aorta was done by Sudan III for visualization of sudanophillic plaques. The percentual of aorta couvered with lipidic deposits were determined by computerized planimetry. Results: Total cholesterol (mg/dl) was per group: A- TO=52, T5=424 and T9=1.483; B- TO=32, T5=755 and T9=1.436; C- TO=41, T5=22 and T9=27. Planimetry data did not differ among groups A (23.3%) and B (27.3%). Scanning microscopy – the interpretation of the document images in three groups showed insignificant platelet deposition in all aortic segments both in groups B and C. Conclusion: This experiment enhances the theoretic basis for the protective effect of aspirin as an antiaggregant factor in the experimental aortic atherosclerotic lesion.

Histopathological features of liver tissue in non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis depending on the presence of concomitant anemia

The aim: to study some histopathological changes in the liver affected by steatohepatitis of various etiologies with the presence of anemia. Material and methods. Liver biopsies were analyzed in 30 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 20 patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). The morphological examination of the liver was carried out according to the standard methods. The histopathological features of the liver were established on the basis of hematoxylin and eosin staining method, with confirmation, if necessary, by the histochemical methods - staining for fat (method with Sudan-III) and collagen fibers (method with chromotropic-water blue by NZ Slinchenko). Microspectrophotometric studies were performed using a cytological analyzer with software "VideoTest - Size 5.0" (2000). Results. A number of parameters revealed the statistical differences in the average trends with the use of the nonparametric Mann-Whitney method (p<0.05). The highest rate of hepatocyte necrosis was observed in the patients with ASH with anemia, in particular, more than a third of hepatocytes in these patients had signs of colic necrosis, which was more pronounced in ASH than in NASH. NASH with anemia was accompanied by more pronounced necrosis of hepatocytes than NASH without anemia. In ASH without anemia, the percentage of affected hepatocytes was on average approximately the same as in NASH without anemia. Fatty dystrophy of hepatocytes was observed in all the patients with NASH and ASH, but the severity of the general pathological process was not the same. Conclusions. Due to the comorbidity of fatty liver disease with anemia in both NASH and ASH, a much higher percentage of hepatocytes affected by reversible swelling are formed, which coincides with the tendency for hepatocyte oncosis. Anemia affects the nature of connective tissue growth in NASH and ASH (in ASH, the specific volume of connective tissue was higher than in NASH). At the same time, the intensity of regenerative processes in the liver (ductal reactions of the liver) is most pronounced in patients with anemia, and most - in ASH.

PATHOHISTOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF IRON OVERLOAD SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH STEATOHEPATITIS DEPENDING ON ITS ETIOLOGY

The aim – to study some histopathological features of the iron overload syndromeformation in patients suffering from steatohepatitis depending on its etiology.Material and methods. Liver biopsies were analyzed in 30 patients with nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis (NASH) and 20 patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). Themorphological examination of the liver was carried out according to the standardmethods. The histopathological features of the liver were established on the basis ofthe method of staining with hematoxylin and eosin, with the confirmation, in case ofnecessity, by the histochemical methods - staining for fat (the method with Sudan-III) andcollagen fibers (the method with chromotropic-water blue according to N.Z Slinchenko).Microspectrophotometric studies were conducted using a cytological analyzer withsoftware "VideoTest - Size 5.0" (2000).Results. The same regularities for both trivalent iron and twovalent iron were revealed asa whole in the liver cells at histological investigations, that is in ASH the optical densityis at the average 1.3 (p<0.05) times higher than in NASH. The staining on trivalent ironis less intensive, than on the twovalent iron. There is probable iron overload syndrome inthe alcoholic steatohepatitis patients with increased uptake of it both 2+- and 3+- valentforms in the liver cells – reticuloendotheliocytes and hepatocytesConclusions. Iron overload syndrome with increased uptake of it for both 2+- and3+-valent takes place in the liver cells – endotheliocytes and hepatocytes – in patientswith alcoholic steatohepatitis. At alcoholic steatohepatitis the optical density withhistochemical staining on iron 2+ in reticuloendotheliocytes of the liver is 1.2 times andin hepatocytes – 1.3 times higher than at non-alcoholic steatohepatitis irrespective ofthe presence or absence of anemia. At alcoholic steatohepatitis the optical density ofhistochemical iron staining 3+ in reticuloendotheliocytes of the liver and hepatocytesis 1.3 times higher than in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and is irrespective of anemiapresence as well.

Structural Characteristics and Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Healthy Organs and Galls Induced by Allodiplosis crassa Kieff. and Jörg (Cecydomyiidae, Diptera) on Geoffroea decorticans (Hook. and Arn.) Burkart (Leguminosae)

Chañar (Geoffroea decorticans- Fabaceae) is a tree from South America that is normally infected with galls originated by insects. One of its parasites is Allodiplosis crassa (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) which produces globular galls with sticky prolongations. Since this plant has medicinal uses in Argentina, its infestation could alter the quality of the plant drug. The surface of insect-induced galls usually contains defensive features such as trichomes, increased hardness and an increase in the content of polyphenolic compounds. The objective of this research is to assess the structural and histochemical features of the gall and to compare the content of polyphenolic metabolites in the gall, in the healthy leaf and in lignified stems of G. decorticans. The methanolic extract from the galls showed the highest amount of polyphenolic and proanthocyanidins and the lowest amount of hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavonoids compared to the methanolic extract of the leaves. The photographs taken from the external surface of the gall showed that some prolongations have heads. The histochemical analysis showed that the prolongations have a high amount of proanthocyanidins and flavonoids; and that the heads are reactive to Sudan III. These phytochemical and histological characteristics may have a defensive role against harmful fungi and parasites that attack the larvae of the A. crassa. The results of this study show the presence of defensive features in an insect-induced gall of a medicinal plant with potential implications in the pharmacological activity of this species. This is the first report of a histochemical and phytochemical study in G. corticans galls.

Canine Mammary Carcinoma With Vacuolated Cytoplasm: Glycogen-Rich Carcinoma, a Histological Type Distinct From Lipid-Rich Carcinoma

Lipid-rich carcinoma is a rare histotype of canine mammary tumors with cytoplasmic vacuolation. In humans, glycogen-rich carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, and myoepithelial neoplasms are included in the differential diagnosis for lipid-rich carcinoma. The aim of the study was to investigate the existence of histotypes other than lipid-rich in canine mammary carcinomas with vacuolated cytoplasm using a diagnostic algorithm based on histopathology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructure and to evaluate the molecular phenotype of these neoplasms. Ten mammary carcinomas were collected, histologically reviewed, and subjected to histochemistry (PAS, PAS with diastase, Alcian blue, Sudan III [1 case], and Congo red [1 case]); immunohistochemistry for CK19, CK5/6, CK14, p63, calponin, vimentin, ER, PR, and HER2; and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cytokeratin immunolabeling demonstrated the epithelial origin of all tumors. Sudan III and TEM confirmed the diagnosis of lipid-rich carcinoma in 8 tumors (one amyloid-producing). One tumor was reclassified as a glycogen-rich carcinoma based on PAS reactivity that was diastase-labile, and a second tumor was reclassified as a carcinoma-and-malignant myoepithelioma based on the differentiation markers. Lipid-rich carcinomas were basal-like (5/8), null-type (2/8), and luminal A phenotype (1/8). The glycogen-rich carcinoma was basal-like, while the carcinoma-and-malignant myoepithelioma was luminal A. Vacuolated morphology of neoplastic cells in canine mammary carcinoma can indicate either a neoplasm of luminal epithelial origin with cytoplasmic lipid or glycogen, or vacuolated neoplastic suprabasal myoepithelial cells. Glycogen-rich carcinoma is a novel histological type that should be considered in the differential diagnosis for canine mammary carcinomas with vacuolated cytoplasm.