Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Streptococcus spp. pada Babi Penderita Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

Streptococcus sp. merupakan salah satu penyebab primer terjadinya Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeteksi bakteri Streptococcus sp. di saluran pernapasan babi penderita PRDC serta distribusi bakteri Streptococcus sp. pada babi pra sapih dan pasca sapih. Sebanyak 43 sampel swab rongga hidung dikumpulkan dari babi yang menunjukkan gejala penyakit PRDC seperti depresi, anorexia, dyspnea, adanya eksudat dari rongga hidung, batuk/bersin, dan pembengkakan pada persendian. Sampel berasal dari peternakan babi di kabupaten Tabanan, kabupaten Badung, dan kabupaten Gianyar. Semua sampel ditanam pada media sheep blood agar dilanjutkan dengan uji pewarnaan Gram. Koloni yang dicurigai kemudian dilakukan uji primer berupa uji katalase dan uji oksidase serta uji biokimia dengan MRPV, TSIA, SIM, uji koagulase dan uji gula – gula . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 23 sampel (tiga belas dari babi pra sapih dan sepuluh dari babi pasca sapih) telah terdeteksi positif Streptococcus sp. ? hemolitik (20 isolat) dan Streptococcus sp. ? hemolitik (3 isolat).

Porcine Parvovirus 2 Is Predominantly Associated With Macrophages in Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality, manifested by pneumonia of multiple etiologies, where a variety of pathogens and environment and management practices play a role in the disease. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus (IAV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) are well-established pathogens in PRDC. Porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) has been identified in both healthy and clinically diseased pigs at a high prevalence worldwide. Despite widespread circulation, the significance of PPV2 infection in PRDC and its association with other co-infections are unclear. Here, PPV2 was detected in the lung tissue in 39 of 100 (39%) PRDC-affected pigs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Using in situ hybridization (ISH) in conjunction with tissue microarrays (TMA), PPV2 infection was localized in alveolar macrophages and other cells in the lungs with interstitial pneumonia in 28 of 99 (28.2%) samples. Viral load tended to correlate with the number of macrophages in the lungs. Assessment of the frequency, viral titers, and tissue distributions showed no association between infection of PPV2 and other major viral respiratory pathogens. In one-third of the PPV2-positive samples by qPCR, no other known viruses were identified by metagenomic sequencing. The genome sequences of PPV2 were 99.7% identical to the reference genomes. Although intensive intranuclear and intracytoplasmic signals of PPV2 were mainly detected in alveolar macrophages by ISH, no obvious virus replication was noted in in vitro cell culture. Together, these results suggest that PPV2 is associated, but may not be the sole causative agent, with PRDC, warranting the control and prevention of this underdiagnosed virus.

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Staphylococcus sp. pada Babi Penderita Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

Penyakit pernapasan pada babi umum terjadi pada peternakan babi di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit ini dikenal sebagai porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Porcine respiratory disease complex adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan infeksi pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh polimikroba dengan berbagai kombinasi antara patogen primer dan sekunder pada babi. Staphylococcus sp. adalah salah satu bakteri yang berpotensi patogen menyebabkan terjadinya PRDC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri Staphylococcus sp. yang berpotensi patogen pada saluran pernapasan babi dan mengetahui pengaruh kelompok umur (babi prasapih dan pascasapih) terhadap jumlah kejadian infeksi Staphylococcus sp. pada babi penderita PRDC. Sampel yang diteliti menggunakan swab nasal pada babi yang menunjukkan gejala klinis penyakit saluran pernapasan dengan jumlah 43 sampel. Sampel diambil dari tiga kabupaten di Bali yaitu Kabupaten Badung, Tabanan dan Gianyar. Isolasi Staphylococcus sp. dilakukan pada media blood agar. Identifikasi bakteri selanjutnya dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Gram, uji katalase, uji oksidase, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Sulphide Indol Motility (SIM), Simmon Citrate Agar, Methyl Red (MR), uji koagulase dan uji gula-gula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan bakteri Staphylococcus sp. pada saluran pernapasan babi penderita PRDC dengan kemungkinan spesies yaitu S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, dan S. hyicus subsp. hyicus. Kelompok umur (babi prasapih dan babi pascasapih) tidak mempengaruhi jumlah kejadian infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus sp.

EFFECT OF BACTERIAL AGENTS OF PORCINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX ON PRODUCTIVE INDICES AND SLAUGHTER WEIGHT

Porcine respiratory disease complex comprises the interaction of two or more infectious agents. The major bacterial agents involved were investigated in 115 finishing pigs at a farm in São Paulo State, Brazil: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (serology, bacterial culture, and multiplex PCR), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) (nested PCR), Pasteurella multocida (multiplex PCR), Haemophilus parasuis (PCR multiplex), and Streptococcus sp. (bacterial culture). Macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions were evaluated, and zootechnical indices were recorded. Mhyo occurred in 113 animals (98.3%), seventeen of which were co-infected with Streptococcus sp. The finding of emphysematous lung was associated with significantly lower final and carcass weight at slaughter. Although vaccinated against Mhyo with an inactivated immunogen, almost 100% of the animals were infected. Mhyo infection with and without Streptococcus sp. co-infection was related to lung lesions of varying degrees and lower slaughter and carcass weight.