Current State of Water Bodies in Azerbaijan and Their Protection

The article is devoted to the grouping and brief classification of natural and artificial water bodies located on the territory of Azerbaijan, in order to organize their protection. Brief and systematized information is given on the main characteristics of rivers, lakes and reservoirs that are part of the group of surface watercourses and point water bodies, as well as on water resources. Systematized information can make it possible to take appropriate measures to organize the protection of water bodies, prepare regulatory documents and more efficient and economical use of water resources.

Physicochemical, primary production and trophic state variation of an urban artificial water body located in the central zone of the tropical latitude of Mexico

Artificial water bodies at tropical latitudes have regular or extreme water contributions dependent of climate and interannual variations that result in differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the water; in addition to the climate. They receive peripheral runoff two, according to geomorphology; in the case of Mexican artificial water bodies as Cantera Oriente, they will also depend on the orography that entails changes in the volumes of water. All of this influence in conservative and non-conservative physiochemical components through dilute the water in the rainy season and concentrate it in the dry season. Therefore, this paper estimates the variations of: temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, with nutrients (total phosphorus and nitrogen, chlorophyll “a” and primary production). In the Cantera Oriente all this parameters resulting in an oxic and anoxic condition, as well as a widely variable hypertrophy, depending on the month of year, in addition, anthropogenic sewage runoff must be added.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK OF ALMATY DUE TO ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE

The article evaluates the transformation of the hydrographic network of urbanized territories using digital maps, on the example of the city of Almaty. Based on the plan-schemes for 1960, 1980, 1917, 1941 and 1981, maps of the city were compiled. To clarify the current state of the modern hydrographic network, the digitized map for 2015 was chosen as the basis. With the help of this, the total length of watercourses and the catchment area, the density of the hydrographic network were calculated, and their dynamics for the specified periods were also estimated. Artificial water bodies that eventually appeared on the territory of the city are described. The inclusion of artificial water bodies in the elements of the hydrographic network and the influence of the anthropogenic factor on natural water bodies are considered. The results of the study can be widely used in organizing measures for the water supply of the territory and minimizing the impact of harmful economic activity on water bodies.

Distinctive features of cascad hydraulic units location in the Republic of Azerbaijan

Purpose. To analyze the reservoir fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan and to establish the distinctive features of the location of artificial water bodies along the hydrological network. Methods. Theoretical analysis of the distribution of artificial water bodies along the largest rivers of the Republic of Azerbaijan taking into account their geographical and hydromorphological features. Findings. The analysis of the location of artificial water bodies in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan and neighboring states has been carried out. Distinctive features of the cascade of waterworks on the Kura river have been identified. The substantiation of the need to develop a methodology for assessing the risk of emergencies at the specified cascade of hydroelectric complexes, taking into account their distinctive features is given. Application field of research. The presented results can be used in the field of ensuring the safety of hydrotechnical pressure front structures when carrying out the probabilistic and deterministic assessment of risk of emergencies on them.

The Geo-ecological Problems of the Artificial Water Bodies of Kalmykia

Целью работы является исследование геоэкологических проблем, возникающих в ходе длительного периода эксплуатации водохранилищ Калмыкии. Материал и методы. В качестве материалов исследования послужили данные, полученные во время полевых и экспедиционных работ 2015–2019 гг. Исследования выполнялись с использованием картографических, маршрутных и стационарных, геоботанических методов в сочетании с лабораторным анализом образцов почв и вод, а также с использованием методов дистанционного зондирования Земли. Результаты и выводы. Результаты долговременного мониторинга водохранилищ Калмыкии показали, что основными геоэкологическими проблемами водоемов республики являются обмеление, увеличение минерализации, загрязнение вод биогенными и токсичными веществами, снижение биоразнообразия почв и растительности экотонной зоны водоемов.