Virtual Communities of Anglo and Spanish Migrants in Chile. A Multiple Case Study

This article characterizes and analyzes the development and construction of virtual communities of Anglo and Spanish migrants living in Chile. We selected some of the most popular and active sites among them and analyzed hem using virtual ethnography methods and discourse analysis in its textual and contextual dimension, as well engaging with the discourses of its creators. The socialization process that occurs in these communities is oriented towards sharing experiences and accomplishing objectives in common among the members, like meeting other migrants and locals, learning a language and obtaining useful information about the country of current or future residence, among others. The bloggers and web admins interviewed build transnational social spaces through their use of new digital media. We found a clear connection between the communities analyzed and the political, economic and social reality of the nation-states—of origin and destination—in which they are rooted.

Multilingualism in Migrant Contexts in Pakistan and the UK: Transcending Physical, Social and Symbolic Borders in Transnational Social Spaces

This paper is based on a four-year ethnographic study of multilingualism in transnational Mirpuri families in Azad Kashmir (Pakistan) and Lancashire (United Kingdom). Data were collected in a range of physical settings in Pakistan and the UK as well as social spaces online. Migrants’ literacy practices are often related to the standard language variety of the country to which the migrant is moving. However, this paper suggests that migration requires different kinds of literacies, not all of which relate to standard writing system use. The study sought to understand how these literacies are shaped in Pakistan before they are taken up in the UK, by seeing them as part of migrants’ everyday translanguaging. This perspective involves exploring how different language varieties (such as Punjabi, Urdu and English) and different linguistic resources (such as scripts, styles and registers) are appropriated by migrants at different stages of their migration trajectories alongside migrants’ own perspectives on these practices. The findings demonstrate how migrant families counter discrimination in their everyday multilingualism as part of the translingual practices which transcend physical, social and symbolic borders.

Political Activism Among Second Generation Tibetans in the 21st Century: The Construction and Negotiation of Identity in Transnational Social Spaces

While the majority of the studies have looked at transnational political activism among the first generation, it is clear that the experiences of the second generation is limited to a significant degree, especially in regards to the experiences of second generation Tibetan youth. Consequently, by drawing on the experiences of second generation Tibetan youth who attended the ‘March 10 political demonstration’ in Toronto, this study explores transnationalism and identity construction among the second generation within transnational social spaces. The findings of this study of six second generation Tibetan youths show that the second generation is highly selective in its transnational practices, as their level of participation is dependent on other commitment and responsibilities they may have in their personal lives. With regards to their identity, the findings indicate that they held both Tibetan and Canadian identities as they held hybrid, fluid, and situational identities that was based on having loyalties to both Canada and Tibet. Ultimately, this study reveals that the second generation are constantly negotiating their fluid and hybrid identities, as they are receiving different opposing ideas and information flows that allows them to connect with both their homeland in Tibet and Canada.

Political Activism Among Second Generation Tibetans in the 21st Century: The Construction and Negotiation of Identity in Transnational Social Spaces

While the majority of the studies have looked at transnational political activism among the first generation, it is clear that the experiences of the second generation is limited to a significant degree, especially in regards to the experiences of second generation Tibetan youth. Consequently, by drawing on the experiences of second generation Tibetan youth who attended the ‘March 10 political demonstration’ in Toronto, this study explores transnationalism and identity construction among the second generation within transnational social spaces. The findings of this study of six second generation Tibetan youths show that the second generation is highly selective in its transnational practices, as their level of participation is dependent on other commitment and responsibilities they may have in their personal lives. With regards to their identity, the findings indicate that they held both Tibetan and Canadian identities as they held hybrid, fluid, and situational identities that was based on having loyalties to both Canada and Tibet. Ultimately, this study reveals that the second generation are constantly negotiating their fluid and hybrid identities, as they are receiving different opposing ideas and information flows that allows them to connect with both their homeland in Tibet and Canada.

"We Want Justice!”: Transnational Political Activism Among Second Generation Tamil Youth And Identity (Re) Construction Within Transnational Social Spaces

Drawing on the experiences of the 2009 transnational political activism of second generation Tamil youth, this study explores transnationalism among the second generation in Canada and identity construction within transnational social spaces. It also engages in discussions on the importance of recognizing the existence of transnationalism as not just a phenomenon of the first generation. Based on a sample of nine second generation Tamil youths, findings suggest that the second generation is selective in its transnational practices, while expanded forms of transnationalism exists and fluctuates over the life course. Both Tamil and Canadian identities were found to be hybrid, fluid, shifting and situational, marked by a sense of belonging to both Canada and Sri Lanka. The second generation are thus situated between various and opposing ideas and information flows in which they are able to traverse and stimulate transnational engagement, when and if they wish to do so.

"We Want Justice!”: Transnational Political Activism Among Second Generation Tamil Youth And Identity (Re) Construction Within Transnational Social Spaces

Drawing on the experiences of the 2009 transnational political activism of second generation Tamil youth, this study explores transnationalism among the second generation in Canada and identity construction within transnational social spaces. It also engages in discussions on the importance of recognizing the existence of transnationalism as not just a phenomenon of the first generation. Based on a sample of nine second generation Tamil youths, findings suggest that the second generation is selective in its transnational practices, while expanded forms of transnationalism exists and fluctuates over the life course. Both Tamil and Canadian identities were found to be hybrid, fluid, shifting and situational, marked by a sense of belonging to both Canada and Sri Lanka. The second generation are thus situated between various and opposing ideas and information flows in which they are able to traverse and stimulate transnational engagement, when and if they wish to do so.

Migrants’ Social Positioning Strategies in Transnational Social Spaces

This article examines the nexus of spatial and social mobility by focusing on how migrants in Germany use cultural, economic and moral boundaries to position themselves socially in transnational social spaces. It is based on a mixed-methods approach, drawing on qualitative interviews and panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Survey. By focusing on how people from different origins and classes use different sets of symbolic boundaries to give meaning to their social mobility trajectories, we link subjective positioning strategies with structural features of people’s mobility experience. We find that people use a class-specific boundary pattern, which has strong transnational features, because migrants tend to mix symbolic and material markers of status hierarchies relevant to both their origin and destination countries. We identify three different types of boundary patterns, which exemplify different ways in which objective structure and subjectively experienced inequalities influence migrants’ social positioning strategies in transnational spaces. These different types also exemplify how migrants’ habitus influences their social positioning strategies, depending on their mobility and social trajectory in transnational spaces.

Kamusal Alan ve Göç Almanya’daki Türkiyeli Göçmenlerin Ulusötesi Alanı Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Bu makalede göç çalışmaları ve demokrasi teorilerine katkıyı amaçlayan bir teorik çerçeve sunulacaktır. Demokrasi teorilerinin/siyaset teorisinin önemli kavramlarından olan kamusal alan ile göç çalışmalarında göçmen ağlarının önemini gündemine alan ulusötesi alanın birlikte değerlendirmesi her iki teorik yaklaşımı da güçlendirecek bir imkan sunmaktadır. Bunun bir yönü göçmen toplu-luklarının ulusötesi alanının özelliklerinin ve gündemlerinin kamusal alanı etkilemesi ve her iki alan arasında sürekli bir etkileşimin olmasıdır. İkinci yönü ise ulusötesi alanın bazı özelliklerinin kamusal alan niteliği göstermesi ve belirli açılardan ulusötesi alanın bir kamusal alan hüviyetinde açığa çıkmasıdır, bu açıdan iki kamusal alanın çakıştığı bir mekandaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmektedir. Bu teorik çerçeve Almanya’daki Türkiyeli göçmenlerin misafir işçilikten kalıcılığa geçişine dair tarihsel perspektif üzerinden temellendirilecektir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHPublic Space and Migration: An Examination of the Transnational Space of Immigrants from Turkey in GermanyLarge number of migrants, who have been employed in various industries for decades, who pay taxes, are consumers and carry out their obligations are however unable to fully participate in the political process because of limitations and requirements of citizenship policies. In some cases they are even barred from having a say in local administration. Representation and participation processes are however not limited to voting or being represented in the central or local administration. For instance, many Turkey-origin immigrants in Germany who are unable to vote in municipal elections can be elected as worker representatives and distinguish themselves as outstanding political figures, as they speak on behalf of all workers. This article elaborates transnational social spaces of immigrants as a unique form of public sphere and demonstrate the similarities between the birth of the public sphere and formation of the transnational social space focusing on the experiences of Turkey-origin migrant workers in Germany.