Spatial and seasonal patterns of water isotopes in northeastern German lakes

Water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were analyzed in samples collected in lakes associated to riverine systems in northeastern Germany throughout 2020. The dataset (Aichner et al., 2021) is derived from water samples collected at a) lake shores (sampled in March and July 2020); b) buoys which were temporarily installed in deep parts of the lake (sampled monthly from March to October 2020); c) multiple spatially distributed spots in four selected lakes (sampled in September 2020); d) the outflow of Müggelsee (sampled biweekly from March 2020 to January 2021). At shores, water was sampled with a pipette from 40–60 cm below water surface and directly transferred into a measurement vial, while at deeper parts of the lake a Limnos water sampler was used to obtain samples from 1 m below surface. Isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude in the sampled lakes and about spatial isotope patterns in different branches of the associated riverine systems.

Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) Di Sekitar Muara Sungai Musi Sumatera Selatan

Muara Sungai Musi dan Pulau Payung adalah kawasan bagian hilir Sungai Musi yang menerima banyak masukan limbah dan bahan pencemar akibat aktifitas di sepanjang aliran sungai. Polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) adalah salah satu komponen pencemar organik yang keberadaannya mengancam kehidupan biota perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan senyawa PAH pada sampel air laut dan sedimen yang berasal dari Muara Sungai Musi dan sekitar Pulau Payung. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2019. Contoh air laut diambil dengan water sampler pada 5 stasiun penelitian dan contoh sedimen diambil menggunakan ekman grab pada 8 stasiun penelitian. Kadar PAH dianalisa dengan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), cara kerja merujuk pada APHA (2017) 6440 B divalidasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan PAH total dalam sampel air Muara Sungai Musi dan sekitar Pulau Payung berkisar antara batas minimum deteksi alat (<0,004)-0,0,62 ppb. Adapun kandungan PAH total dalam sampel sedimen berkisar antara 11,92-558,41 ppb. Secara keseluruhan terlihat bahwa kandungan PAH dalam sampel air dan sedimen yang berasal dari Sungai Musi dan sekitar Pulau Payung masih aman bagi organisme. Musi River Estuary and Payung Island are the downstream areas of the Musi River which receive a lot of inputs of waste and pollutants due to activities along the river flow. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is one component of organic pollutants which dangerous for the aquatic organism. This study aims to identify the PAHs compounds in seawater and sediment samples from the Musi River Estuary and around Payung Island. Sampling was carried out in July 2019. Seawater samples were taken with a water sampler and sediment samples were taken using ekman grab at 7 research stations. PAH levels were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the method refers to APHA (2017) 6440 B. The results showed that the PAH content in the Muara River Musi water samples and around Payung Island ranged from under detection limit(<0,004)-0.62 ppb. The PAH content in sediment samples ranged from 11.92-558.41 ppb. Overall PAHs content in water and sediment samples from the Musi River and around Payung Island are still good for the aquatic organism.

Efficiency of eDNA and iDNA in assessing vertebrate diversity and its abundance

Environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) have been increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for biodiversity assessment and conservation management. However, because of uncertainties on the efficiency of eDNA/iDNA approach in comparison to conventional methods, its use to assess the vertebrate diversity is still rare. Here we assessed the efficiency of eDNA/iDNA in comparison to conventional methods to survey vertebrate diversity across several type of samplers, vertebrate groups, and location (tropical vs temperate zones), as well as its efficiency to be used as a proxy for relative abundance or biomass across different molecular methods (qPCR and metabarcoding) and types of experiments (in the lab or in the field). The metanalysis showed that, in general, there is no difference in the number of species detected or number of sites that a target species was detected when using eDNA/iDNA or conventional methods, suggesting that eDNA/iDNA and conventional methods were equally efficient in characterizing the biodiversity. However, for water sampler and fish, separately, the risk of not finding a species was greater using conventional method than eDNA, suggesting that eDNA/iDNA was more efficient in finding the target species. Abundance and biomass showed similar correlation patterns, and there was a positive correlation between eDNA/iDNA and abundance/biomass data, suggesting that eDNA/iDNA can be used as a proxy for abundance and biomass. Therefore, eDNA/iDNA has proved to be an efficient tool to assess vertebrate diversity in terms of both diversity of species and abundance or biomass.

Automated high resolution rain water sampler for stable water isotope monitoring

&lt;p&gt;With global change, one of the largest short-term threats to our societies comes from changes in the hydro-meteorological cycle: droughts, flooding and potentially increasing extreme rain events may have far greater direct impact on humans than rising temperatures alone. These changes often have sever consequences and widespread impact on society and ecosystems, yet they are difficult to track, trace and measure in order to fully understand the underlying process of delivering moisture and recharging water reservoirs. Only through the comprehensive monitoring of precipitation waters in space and time can we improve our process understanding and better predict the direction and magnitude of future hydro-meteorological changes, in particular on regional spatial scales. However, no commercial automated sampling solution exists, which fulfills the quality criteria for sophisticated hydrochemical water analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we present an new developed automatic precipitation water sampler for stable water isotope analysis of precipitation. The device is designed to be highly autonomous and robust for campaign deployment in harsh remote areas and fulfills the high demands on sampling and storage for isotope analysis (i.e. sealing of samples from atmospheric influences, no contamination and preservation of the sample material). The sampling device is portable, has low power consumption and a real-time adaptable sampling protocol strategy, and can be maintained at distance without any need to visit the location. Furthermore, the obtained water samples are not restricted to isotope analysis but can be used for any type of environmental water analysis. The current configuration can obtain 165 discrete rainwater samples with a minimum timely resolution of 5min or volume wise 2mm of rainfall.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The device was tested in several evaluation and benchmarking cycles. First lab tests with dyed waters and waters with strongly differing isotopic signature demonstrate that the device can obtain, store and conserve samples without cross contamination over long periods of time. The device has been tested so far under several conditions, e.g. heavy summer thunderstorms with more than 50mm/24h of rainfall, sustained winter rainfall and in cold conditions involving melting of snow. Furthermore, we run a benchmark test with several devices in parallel. Finally, in October 2020, we had installed six devices, in collaboration with Germany's National Meteorological Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst DWD), in a South-West to North-East transect across the Harz mountains in Germany. The transect covers ~ 100km distance along the main orographic gradient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This automated rainwater sampler provides an economic and sophisticated technological solution for monitoring moisture pathways and water transfer processes with the analytical quality of laboratory standard measurements on a new level of temporal and spatial resolution.&lt;/p&gt;

Penilaian Sumber Pencemar Non Logam di Waduk Asin Pusong Kota Lhokseumawe Berdasarkan Analisis Multivariat

Human anthropogenic activities have resulted in an important transformation in the aquatic environment for decades, so the study of the assessment of non-metallic pollutant sources in the salty reservoir Pusong in Lhokseumawe City was conducted in October 2020 which was reviewed based on multivariate analysis. The study aims to find out the source of non-metallic pollutants in the salt reservoir waters of Pusong Kota Lhokseumawe with the collection of primary data conducted by observation at five observation stations, where water samples are taken using van dorn water sampler at a depth of ± 0 – 1 m with three repetitions per station. The results showed that non-metallic contaminants of total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphate had exceeded the established quality standards (>5.00 mg/L, >0.30 mg/L, >0.008 mg/L and >0.015 mg/L), then based on PCA analysis, eigenvalues of each variable indicate the formation of two new components namely Component 1 consisting of non-metallic nitrate contaminants and total nitrogen ammonia (3.05), while Component 2 consists of non-metallic contaminants total coliform and BOD5 (1.93) with a data diversity of 82.99%. Besides, non-metallic contaminants of total nitrogen ammonia, as well as phosphates, have a significant relationship to temperature parameters, while non-metal nitrate contaminants have significant links to pH parameters, turbidity, and salinity. Furthermore, the complexity of the study area between observation stations based on CA analysis was divided into two groups, the first group consisted of Stations 2, 4, and 5 with non-metallic contaminants source nitrate, BOD5 as well as total coliform, while the second group consisted of Stations 1 and 3 with non-metallic contaminants of total ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, and surfactants. Kegiatan antropogenik manusia telah menghasilkan transformasi penting dalam lingkungan akuatik selama beberapa dekade, sehingga kajian penilaian sumber pencemar non logam di waduk asin Pusong Kota Lhokseumawe dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2020 yang ditinjau berdasarkan analisis multivariat. Kajian bertujuan untuk mengetahui sumber pencemar non logam di perairan waduk asin Pusong Kota Lhokseumawe dengan pengumpulan data primernya dilakukan secara observasi di lima stasiun pengamatan, dimana sampel air diambil menggunakan van dorn water sampler pada kedalaman ± 0–1 m dengan tiga kali pengulangan setiap stasiunnya. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa sumber pencemar non logam total amonia nitrogen, nitrat maupun fosfat sudah melebihi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan (>5.00 mg/L, >0.30 mg/L, >0.008 mg/L dan >0.015 mg/L), kemudian berdasarkan analisis PCA, nilai eigen dari masing-masing variabel mengindikasikan adanya pembentukan dua komponen baru yaitu Component 1 terdiri dari sumber pencemar non logam nitrat dan total amonia nitrogen (3.05), sedangkan Component 2 terdiri dari sumber pencemar non logam total coliform dan BOD5 (1.93) dengan keragaman datanya sebesar 82.99%. Selain itu, sumber pencemar non logam total amonia nitrogen maupun fosfat memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap parameter suhu, sedangkan sumber pencemar non logam nitrat memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap parameter pH, kekeruhan dan salinitas. Selanjutnya, kompleksitas wilayah studi antar stasiun pengamatan berdasarkan analisis CA terbagi atas dua kelompok, kelompok pertama terdiri dari Stasiun 2, 4 dan 5 dengan sumber pencemar non logam nitrat, BOD5 serta total coliform, sedangkan kelompok kedua terdiri dari Stasiun 1 dan 3 dengan sumber pencemar non logam total amonia nitrogen, fosfat serta surfaktan.