Influence of Moringa Leaves Extract on Hb Response to Radiation Dose Rates’ Changes: I. Permittivity and Its Thermodynamic Driven State Functions

The harm caused by ionizing radiation is well known and is performed by depositing energy from the radiation source into the irradiated material. Biosystems fight back to maintain their integrity and functions. Doing so requires external help where important supplements are provided to enable the biosystem to challenge destruction done by irradiation in the form of ionization and free radicals. This work investigates the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, MOLE, on two different gamma radiation dose rates’ damages on the biosystem. This is done by estimating physical parameters that belong to dielectric factors, static permittivity, or based upon them as thermodynamic state functions; changes in Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, and entropy of the sample under assessment. Good sensitivity to factors causing changes in the studied system's net dipole moment is noticed, especially within the 1st week. The help of MOLE, a natural supplement, to the biosystem repairing the damage caused by irradiation was tested. Data indicated that MOLE has a powerful influence that could help the biosystem, based on its vast nutrients, trace elements, and antioxidants to fight radiation damage.

The rain induced gamma-radiation dose rate enhancement at Järvselja SMEAR station

<p>The SMEAR Estonia station (58.277663 N, 27.308266 E, 36 m a.s.l.) was established in south-east of Estonia at the Järvselja Experimental Forestry in 2012 to investigate the atmosphere-biosphere interactions and atmospheric aerosol formation and growth.</p><p>In summer 2019, the gamma-radiation monitor GammaTRACER XL2-3 (Saphymo GmbH) was set up at Järvselja station and the rain sensor DRD11A (Vaisala Oyj) in autumn 2019. These devices enable to measure the gamma-radiation dose rate and precipitation intensity, which affect the ionization rate of atmospheric air close to ground, with high accuracy and time resolution, and complement our measurement system of atmospheric ions and aerosol particles.</p><p>The gamma-radiation dose rate measurements at about 1.2 m above the ground reveled on relatively steady background about 70 nSv/h occasional events with increase up to about 110 nSv/h, which correlated well with rainfall intensity. Commonly such events last 3-4 hours, but in specific meteorological situation with continuous long-lasting rain and air mass movement from southerly directions the effect can last 2-3 days, resulting in gradual increase in gamma-radiation dose rate level during about 24 h.</p><p>Such a phenomenon is known to occur due to wet deposition of radioactive aerosol particles during rain, namely due to the radon (<sup>222</sup> Rn) short-lived daughter progeny products (Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214) attached to atmospheric aerosol particles. The radon (<sup>222</sup> Rn) daughter progeny involvement is confirmed by simultaneous gamma-spectrometric measurements with SARA AGS711F (Envinet GmbH) at Tõravere station (58° 15' 52,9" N, 26° 27' 42,1", 72 m), located about 50.3 km west from the Järvselja SMEAR station. The gamma dose rates showed very similar temporal behavior when both stations were affected by the same air mass with precipitation zone passing over the stations.</p><p>To our best knowledge, the details of rain-induced enhancement of gamma-radiation dose rate and atmospheric processes behind the phenomenon are not well known and are worth future investigations. The events of rain induced gamma-radiation dose rate enhancement at Järvselja SMEAR and Tõravere station are analyzed and discussed in more detail in the presentation and the spatial representativity of the phenomenon is estimated based on the gamma-radiation monitoring network data of Estonian Early Warning System.</p>