Solid-phase extraction and validated spectrofluorimetric quantification of pamidronate in human plasma

Purpose: To design a simple and sensitive quantification procedure for pamidronate disodium (PAM) after its solid phase extraction from plasma.Methods: The procedure was based on derivatization of PAM using a suitable fluorogen, 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxazole. The product was determined spectrofluorometrically at excitation and emission wavelengths of 390 and 535 nm, respectively. The method was optimized for all factors that affect the reaction between PAM and the fluorogen. These factors include diluting solvent, pH of the reaction medium, volume of fluorogen solution, buffer pH, buffer volume, temperature and heating time. The method was fully validated according to US-FDA guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, robustness and stability.Results: PAM was successfully extracted from human plasma with solid-phase extraction technique. A linear response was obtained in the concentration range of 10 – 100 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient of 0.998. Mean maximum plasma concentration of PAM was 9.73.2 ± 3.2 µmol/L, which was within the linear range of the proposed method, thereby confirming its sensitivity for the determination of plasma PAM.Conclusion: The proposed procedure is suitable for the quantification of PAM in human plasma after its solid phase extraction. The method is sensitive enough for use in PAM determination in pharmacokinetic studies. Moreover, it is likely a more cost-effective and simpler alternative method than high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) methods. Keywords: Pamidronate disodium, Derivatization, Spectrofluorimetry, Fluorogen, Quantification

Serum Sp17 Autoantibody Serves as a Potential Specific Biomarker in Patients with SAPHO Syndrome

SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) syndrome shows a wide variability in musculoskeletal and cutaneous manifestations, and it is therefore underrecognized and misdiagnosed in the clinic due to a lack of specific markers. In this study, we aimed to identify specific biomarkers by screening serum autoantibodies in SAPHO patients with a 17K human whole-proteome microarray. The serum anti-Sp17 autoantibody was identified and verified to be a specific biomarker in patients with SAPHO syndrome. Indeed, the level of the anti-Sp17 autoantibody was significantly increased in patients with active SAPHO compared to patients with an inactive disease and healthy controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum anti-Sp17 autoantibody levels correlated with those of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and β-crosslaps (β-CTx) in patients with active SAPHO disease. Moreover, anti-Sp17 autoantibody levels were markedly decreased after anti-inflammatory treatment with pamidronate disodium, which downregulated levels of hsCRP and ESR in patients with active SAPHO. Thus, serum levels of the anti-Sp17 autoantibody might serve as a specific biomarker for the diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome or for monitoring the disease status.

P

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with P, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Palivizumab, Pamidronate disodium, Pancreatin, Pancuronium, Paracetamol = Acetaminophen (USAN), Parenteral nutrition, Penicillin (Penicillin G; Benzylpenicillin), Pethidine = Meperidine (USAN), Phenobarbital = Phenobarbitone (former BAN), Phenytoin, Phosphate, Piperacillin with tazobactam (piperacillin-tazobactam), Plasma albumin (human albumin solution), Plasma substitutes, Platelets, Pneumococcal vaccines, Polio vaccines, Polystyrene sulfonate resins, Potassium chloride, Praziquantel, Prednisolone, Probiotics, Progesterone, Proguanil (with or without atovaquone), Propofol, Propranolol, Prostaglandins E1 (alprostadil) and E2 (dinoprostone), Pyrazinamide, Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and pyridoxal phosphate, and Pyrimethamine