Androgenesis—Technology for Obtaining Genetically Stable Breeding Material of Capsicum annuum L.

Androgenesis in vitro is a basic method of obtaining haploid plants and DH (doubled haploid) lines of major crops such as potato, rapeseed, tomato, pepper, wheat, maize, and barley, and also many different minor crops and species with lower agricultural impact. Diploid plants appearing among androgenic regenerants are the effect of spontaneous doubling of the chromosome number in haploid cells during an embryo’s early developmental stages and are valuable fully homozygous breeding material. The subject of the presented research is spontaneous diploidization occurring in the development of androgenic, haploid pepper regenerants. In the presented experiment, the formation of diploid seeds was observed in the progeny of an androgenic, haploid plant derived in an anther culture of a hybrid (Capsicum annuum L. ATZ × Capsicum annuum L. `Corno di toro`)F2. Agromorphological and molecular analyses concerned eight diploid plants being progeny of the anther-derived haploid regenerant. Five of the plants constituted a phenotypically balanced group with valuable agromorphological features. Their genetic homogeneity was confirmed using 10 RAPD markers and 16 ISSR markers. Based on the results, it was concluded that anther-derived haploid plants of Capsicum can be the source of diploid, apomictic seeds, and the obtained offspring may constitute genetically stable, valuable breeding material.

Stabilization of soft wheat selection material which is the result of crossing with wild relatives

Aim. Testing the haploproduction ability of 30 hybrids of winter soft wheat. Methods. In vitro culture of isolated anthers of wheat. The percentage of callus and regeneration of green plants for each genotype calculated as a percentage of the planted anthers. Results. The differences in the frequency of callus induction and the ability to regenerate plants in the process of androgenesiss in vitro of winter soft wheat were detected. The microspores of 17 of 30 hybrids formed callus by in vitro anther culture were shown. The intensity of one process was different: more than half of the genotypes (18 pcs.) were characterized by a low percentage of callus (from 0.10 to 1.0%), 6 genotypes - medium (from 1.0 to 3.0%), and three - high (4.36%; 15.11% and 15.81%, respectively). Conclusions. Genotype-specific of microspores morphogenetic reactions of soft winter wheat in the process of androgenesis in vitro were revealed Samples P26 and P27 showed the highest level of callus formation. The 10 green regenerating plants were obtained. Keywords: hybrids, soft winter wheat, anther culture in vitro, callus, regeneration.

The testing of haploproduction ability of soft winter wheat different hybrids in anther culture in vitro

Aim. Study the the efficiency of androgenesis in vitro in anther culture of different genotyps winter wheat. Methods. Obtaining of soft winter wheat double haploid lines by anther culture in vitro. The statistical methods. Results The ability to androgenesis in an in vitro anthers culture of 30 soft winter wheat genotypes was tested. The differences in the frequency of callus induction and the ability to regenerate plants in the process of androgenesiss in vitro of winter soft wheat were detected. The range of variation haploproduction activiti (from % of implanted anthers) was broad. The sign of "the formation of callus" was in limited from 0 to 13.2 % and on the sign of "regeneration of green plants" – from 0 to 1.8 %. The 126 green plants-regenerants were received. Conclusions. Genotype-specific of microspores morphogenetic reactions of soft winter wheat in the process of androgenesis in vitro were revealed. It is advisable to use the anthers from the F2 hybrid population plant as a donor material to create an effective technology for producing double haploids of soft winter wheat was shown. Keywords: wheat hybrid, anther culture in vitro, callus, regeneration.

Efficiency of using different types induction culture medium for hexaploid triticale anther cultivation

Aim. Triticale is one of the main grain crops of the Republic of Belarus. Further progress in the selection of this culture involves the accelerated creation of highly productive early ripening varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic factors. The method of induced androgenesis in vitro makes it possible to obtain stable homozygous lines in a short period of time and to eliminate the lengthy process of inbreeding used in classical breeding to fix the desired traits. Methods. The tissue and cell culture methods for plants was used in the study. Results. The influence of the induction medium composition on the efficiency of in vitro induced androgenesis in varieties and lines of hexaploid triticale is assessed. The influence of three types of induction culture medium, the type of phytohormones and the presence or absence of cefotaxime in the medium are analyzed. Results. It has been shown that using the C-17 culture medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin without adding cefotaxime is most effective for the anther triticale cultivation. Keywords: triticale, anther culture, induction nutrient medium, embryoids, calli, regenerant plants, cefotaxime.

Genotypic features of morphogenetic reactions of varieties and hybrids F1 of winter soft wheat during various stages of androgenesis in vitro

Aim. Testing the haploproduction ability of 47 varieties and 143 F1 hybrids of winter bread wheat. Methods. In vitro culture of isolated anthers of wheat. The percentage of callus and regeneration of green plants for each genotype calculated as a percentage of the planted anthers. Results. The differences in the frequency of сallus induction and the ability to regenerate plants in the process of androgenesiss in vitro of winter soft wheat were detected. The range of variation haploproduction activiti was broad. The sign of "the formation of сallus" for varieties was in limited from 0 to 21.2 % and for hybrids – from 0 to 38.8 %; on the sign of "regeneration of green plants" for varieties – from 0 to 9.4 %, and for hybrids from 0 to 9.1 %. The positive effect of 1BL/1RS translocation on signs of haploproduction in anther culture Triticum aestivum L. Conclusions. Genotype-specific of microspores morphogenetic reactions of soft winter wheat in the process of androgenesis in vitro were revealed. It has been found that F1 hybrids have a higher potential production potential in anther culture than varieties. During the period from 2011 to 2017, the 580 lines of winter wheat were transferred to the breeding departments. Keywords: soft winter wheat, anther culture in vitro, callus, regeneration.

Effect of medium gelatinized component on the effectiveness of androgenesis in vitro Oryza sativa L.

Aims. To study the effect of chemically modified starch D–5aM in the culture medium on the efficiency of androgenesis in vitro in anther culture of rice. Methods. Obtaining of rice double haploid lines by anther culture in vitro. The statistical methods. Results The influence different variants of gellatyne source in culture medium on the processes of induction and regeneration in anther culture of rice were studied. The 119 green plants-regenerants were received. Conclusions. The negative effect on the formation of green regenerants using a gel-forming components of the chemically modified starch D–5aM was shown. Keywords: rice, anther culture in vitro, callus, regeneration, chemically modified starch.