Xenon analgesia in children with extensive wounds

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of sub-narcotic concentrations of xenon in the local treatment of extensive wounds in children with severe injuries.Material and methods. 14 patients (average age 9.3 ± 4.0 years) with extensive wounds were taken into the trial. 67 dressings in them were done with 30 % xenon and oxygen. Pain intensity was assessed by the numerical rating scale of pain (NRSp) (1–10 points); sedation depth – by Ramsay scale (1–6 points) and BIS index.Results. Inhalations of 30 % xenon with oxygen during wound dressings reduced the intensity of pain from Me 3.67 (1.2; 6.0) to Me 2.0 (1.0; 3.3) points by NRSp scale (p < 0.05); after sedanalgesia, it increased again to Me 3.0 (1.0; 5.3). Analgesia with 30 % xenon was effective in 55 (82.0 %) dressings; in 8 (11.9 %) patients with trauma, xenon concentration was increased to 50 %, and in 4 (5.9 %) cases 50 % xenon was added with Fentanyl 1–2 mcg/kg. The depth of sedation assessed by the Ramsay scale decreased (p < 0.05) from 6.0 (5.6; 6.0) to 3.1 (2.2; 4.5) points; after sedanalgesia it increased to Me 5.0 (4.5; 5.4) points. At the same time, the mean value of BIS index decreased (p < 0.05) from 97.5 ± 1.5 to 86.5 ± 5.0 U; after dressing, it rapidly increased to 93.0 ± 2.1 U. During dressings, 82 % of children were calm, had contact with a doctor. Afterwards, their sleep was restored, their mood improved.Conclusion. Sedanalgesia with xenon in sub-narcotic concentrations is an effective technique to relieve pain during treatment of extensive wounds in children.

Mathematical Models for Investigation of WWER-1000/320 Transients

The paper presents mathematical models of the reactor WWER-1000/320, which are designed to investigate non-stationary operating modes of the reactor. The models in relative state variables include a point model of neutron kinetics with six groups of delayed neutrons and models of thermal processes, gradual heat generation, change in xenon concentration. The effects of reactivity on the movement of control rods and changes in reactor power, the effects of reactivity on changes in fuel and coolant temperatures, effect of change in the concentration of xenon are taken into account. The values of the constant parameters of the models are given for the start of stationary fuel loading.