Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Three Different Types of Pattern Materials on the Vertical Marginal Accuracy of Complete Cast Crown: An In Vitro Study

Aim and Objective The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different types of pattern materials on the vertical marginal accuracy of complete cast crown. Material and Methods Three groups of 20 specimens each were made based on three pattern materials, that is, blue inlay wax, autopolymerizing acrylic resin, and light cure pattern resin. Castings were made and examined using stereo microscope for vertical marginal discrepancy. Results The result showed that the highest mean gap was noticed in the castings fabricated using inlay type B pattern wax followed by the castings fabricated using autopolymerizing resin and the least mean gap was observed in the castings fabricated using light cure modeling material. Conclusion It was concluded from this study that the use of light cure modeling material to make patterns for casting with lost wax technique is best recommended than inlay type B pattern and autopolymerizing resin.

Mechanistic Computational Models of Epithelial Cell Transporters-the Adorned Heroes of Pharmacokinetics

Epithelial membrane transporter kinetics portray an irrefutable role in solute transport in and out of cells. Mechanistic models are used to investigate the transport of solutes at the organ, tissue, cell or membrane scale. Here, we review the recent advancements in using computational models to investigate epithelial transport kinetics on the cell membrane. Various methods have been employed to develop transport phenomena models of solute flux across the epithelial cell membrane. Interestingly, we noted that many models used lumped parameters, such as the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, to simplify the transporter-mediated reaction term. Unfortunately, this assumption neglects transporter numbers or the fact that transport across the membrane may be affected by external cues. In contrast, more recent mechanistic transporter kinetics models account for the transporter number. By creating models closer to reality researchers can investigate the downstream effects of physical or chemical disturbances on the system. Evidently, there is a need to increase the complexity of mechanistic models investigating the solute flux across a membrane to gain more knowledge of transporter-solute interactions by assigning individual parameter values to the transporter kinetics and capturing their dependence on each other. This change results in better pharmacokinetic predictions in larger scale platforms. More reliable and efficient model predictions can be made by creating mechanistic computational models coupled with dedicated in vitro experiments. It is also vital to foster collaborative efforts among transporter kinetics researchers in the modeling, material science and biological fields.

Manufacturing Engine Test Bed Dle-55cc Single Cylinder Petrol

The engine test bed is a tool used for testing in the development of new aircraft when it is installed into the aircraft to determine the capabilities of each engine. This engine test bed research aims to meet the needs of the learning process in supporting the practicum. By determining the geometry, modeling, material selection, manufacture, and testing of the engine test bed it will be known that the engine performance is good before use. The method used is a practical and analytical method to analyze the data that has been obtained from the test. The object of research used in this study is a dle-55cc engine. based on the results of testing the results of the thrust that compares with the static value of the thrust calculator, the average difference is obtained. From the results of the comparison of errors on the test equipment, the 22×8 propeller (4.5cm chord) obtained an average error of 4.178%. While the propeller 22×8 (chord 5cm) the error generated is 3.719% and from the value of fuel consumption obtained it produces 588,600-20,708 (N/kW.hr) this shows a good level of decline, so the engine used is more efficient in its use. From the test results, it can be said that the engine test bed has accuracy and can produce good engine performance to be used as a testing and other learning tool.