Heat Shock Proteins in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

Two out of three diseases of the prostate gland affect aging men worldwide. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement affecting millions of men. Prostate cancer (PCa) in turn is the second leading cause of cancer death. The factors influencing the occurrence of BPH and PCa are different; however, in the course of these two diseases, the overexpression of heat shock proteins is observed. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), chaperone proteins, are known to be one of the main proteins playing a role in maintaining cell homeostasis. HSPs take part in the process of the proper folding of newly formed proteins, and participate in the renaturation of damaged proteins. In addition, they are involved in the transport of specific proteins to the appropriate cell organelles and directing damaged proteins to proteasomes or lysosomes. Their function is to protect the proteins against degradation factors that are produced during cellular stress. HSPs are also involved in modulating the immune response and the process of apoptosis. One well-known factor affecting HSPs is the androgen receptor (AR)—a main player involved in the development of BPH and the progression of prostate cancer. HSPs play a cytoprotective role and determine the survival of cancer cells. These chaperones are often upregulated in malignancies and play an indispensable role in tumor progression. Therefore, HSPs are considered as one of the therapeutic targets in anti-cancer therapies. In this review article, we discuss the role of different HSPs in prostate diseases, and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Mini Review: The Forensic Value of Heat Shock Proteins

Forensic pathologists are routinely confronted with unclear causes of death or related findings. In some instances, difficulties arise in relation to questions posed by criminal investigators or prosecutors. Such scenarios may include questions about wound vitality or cause of death where typical or landmark findings are difficult to ascertain. In addition to the usual examinations required to clarify unclear causes of death or address specific questions, immunohistochemistry and genetic analyses have become increasingly important techniques in this area since their establishment last century. Since then, many studies have determined the usefulness and significance of immunohistochemical and genetic investigations on cellular structures and proteins. For example, these proteins include heat shock proteins (Hsp), which were first described in 1962 and are so called based on their molecular weight. They predominantly act as molecular chaperones with cytoprotective functions that support cell survival under (sub) lethal conditions. They are expressed in specific cellular compartments and have many divergent functions. Central family members include, Hsp 27, 60, and 70. This mini review investigates recent research on the Hsp family, their application range, respective forensic importance, and current limitations and provides an outlook on possible applications within forensic science.

Expression of Heat Shock Protein HSP90 in Genomic-DNA of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Callus by Heat Shock Treatment

This study was able to detect of the expression activity of heat shock proteins HSP90 and heat transcription factors HSFs for the first time in callus cultures of chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., that exposed to abiotic shocks, grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg L-1 benzyl adenine (BA). Heat shock proteins HSPs were constructed for increase of withstand long-term physical shocks, and production of resistant to heat chickpeas plants, this shock was enhancement of tolerance of chickpea callus to abiotic stresses (high - temperatures). Results enhanced the ability of chickpea callus to abiotic stresses bearing and induce of HSF genes to heat shock proteins HSP90 production quickly to removing denatured proteins, avoid apoptosis, thus, supporting tolerance to the sudden action of these shocks. Expression activity of heat shock genes and transcription factors by determined based on polymerase chain reaction qPCR, that explained the gene activity increasing at shocks intensity increased

Heat shock protein (HSP) release mechanism under heat stress pressure in Goats: a review

Among the various climate variables, heat stress has been reported to be the most detrimental factor to the economy of the livestock industry. Heat stress is one of the most stressful events in the life of livestock with harmful consequences for animal health, productivity and product quality. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), also known as molecular chaperons, are prominent stress markers. Heat shock proteins consist of highly conserved protein expressed at the time of stress, and play an important role in adaptation to the environmental stress. This review discusses the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress and role of HSP during heat stress on Goats.