PERHITUNGAN IURAN PENSIUN UNTUK PENSIUN NORMAL BERDASARKAN METODE BENEFITE PRORATE TIPE CONSTANT DOLLAR

Abstrak. Metode Benet Prorate tipe Constant Dollar merupakan salah satu metodeyang digunakan untuk menghitung dana pensiun. Program pensiun yang digunakan padametode ini adalah program manfaat pasti, yang ditentukan terlebih dahulu adalah besarnyamanfaat pensiun. Setelah itu, baru ditentukan besar iuran yang akan dibayarkanpeserta program dana pensiun untuk memenuhi manfaat yang akan diterima setelahmemasuki usia pensiun. Secara umum besar manfaat dihitung berdasarkan tiga asumsi,yaitu asumsi gaji tahun terakhir, asumsi rata-rata gaji n tahun terakhir dan asumsi rataratagaji selama bekerja. Untuk menghitung iuran, metode ini tidak tergantung padabesar gaji, melainkan lama peserta bekerja dan besarnya manfaat. Manfaat pensiunterbesar diperoleh dengan mengambil asumsi gaji tahun terakhir. Iuran pensiun terkecildiperoleh dengan mengambil asumsi rata-rata gaji selama bekerja. Perhitungan programdana pensiun menunjukkan bahwa usia masuk kerja dan usia masuk program pensiunakan mempengaruhi besar manfaat yang akan diperoleh dan besar iuran yang akan dibayarkan.Semakin lama seseorang masuk kerja maka manfaat yang didapat akan semakinkecil. Semakin lama seseorang masuk program pensiun semakin besar iuran yang akandibayarkan.Kata Kunci: Benet Prorate, Constant Dollar, Pensiun, Asuransi, Anuitas, Manfaat,Iuran Normal, Mortalita

Foundation Funding of the Environmental Movement

We address the long-standing debate between elite theorists and pluralists about the priorities and scale of foundation funding for social movements by examining systematic data on foundation grants to environmental movement organizations (EMOs) between 1961 and 2000. By combining these data with a comprehensive inventory of EMOs that operated in this period, we show that foundation giving favored conservative mainstream environmental discourses, EMOs that avoided protest, older EMOs, and those located in the northeastern seaboard. Despite major growth in the constant dollar value of foundation giving to EMOs, this remains a highly concentrated system of philanthropy with over half of all foundation grants going to the top 20 grant recipients, a third of which have been leading recipients for over five decades. Nonetheless, there is evidence of change in that alternative discourses, especially environmental justice, received over 5% of these grants in 2000.

FY2017-FY2019 Medium-Term Budget

The net administrative budget for FY2017 has been set at US$1,072.5 million. After four years of zero real growth, the FY 2017 budget includes an increase of ½ percent in constant dollar terms to cover the institution’s rising IT and physical security costs, as well as a small adjustment for increases in the salary structure and in the costs of non-personnel expenses. The budget envelope also entails reallocation measures of 1.5 percent of resources and institution-wide savings to meet new high priority tasks and commitments to the membership. The FY2017 capital budget, set at US$60.5 million, provides financing for new capital projects for building facilities and IT.

INVENTORY DECISIONS WITH DECREASING PURCHASING COSTS

Costs of many items drop systematically throughout their life-cycles, due to advances in technology and competition. Motivated by the management of service parts for some high-tech products, this paper studies inventory decisions for such items. In a periodic review setting with stochastic demand, we model the purchasing costs of successive periods as a stochastic and decreasing sequence. Unit selling price of the item is determined as some mark-up of the purchasing cost and, hence, will change over time as well. We consider two specific mark-up models: (1) purchasing cost plus constant-dollar-amount mark-up, and (2) purchasing cost plus constant-percentage mark-up. To maximize the total discounted expected profit, we derive conditions under which myopic policies are optimal for the systems.

Market Utilization Of Price Adjusted Earnings

The degree of market utilization of price adjusted earnings is examined in this paper by constructing a statistical model which estimates the market weights or the degrees of emphasis which the market places on current cost and constant dollar earnings. The market weights for these price adjusted earnings are found to be significant at the 99% level, implying that the market does utilize current cost and constant dollar data in assessing the values of firms.

Railroad Capital Stock Changes in the Post-Deregulation Period

This paper involves the estimation of a model of railway road and equipment capital stocks and the changes in their levels that have occurred since 1983. The model is based on balancing the level of investment and the level of degradation of the capital stocks to create a data series for roadway capital and for equipment capital. A two-stage least squares errors in variables model is applied. This is appropriate as degradation and exact constant dollar investment are not directly observable. Results obtained from the model indicate that Class I railroads have increased their absolute capital stock levels over the period examined. This holds for both roadway and equipment capital although roadway capital has increased at a somewhat faster rate.

Nanisivik Mine — A Profitability Comparison of Actual Mining to the Expectations of the Feasibility Study

The Nanisivik mine offers a unique opportunity to examine the economics of a mining scenario from its original feasibility study through to closure. In the early 1970s, the Strathcona Sound project (exploration around the Nanisivik mine) had advanced to the point where a significant mineralized body had been defined and a feasibility study was initiated. The study supported development of the Nanisivik mine, with government investment in regional infrastructure, and the mine was constructed and operated for 26 years. Many elements of the feasibility study were difficult to estimate because the project was unique in its high Arctic setting. As a result, many differences were found when comparing the actual mining data to the feasibility study. The majority of these differences were the result of an actual mine life of 26 years instead of the planned 12.5 years. Most of the mining costs were higher than estimated and production occurred at a much higher extraction rate than planned. On a constant dollar basis, the metal prices were, on average, below the feasibility estimates. For the most part, these differences balanced out, with the actual mining being only slightly more profitable than anticipated in the feasibility study.