Strategy for the study of the proteome in animal muscle tissue

The existing approaches to the methodology of using proteomic and mass-selective methods for the analysis of the component composition of meat product proteins are systematized, formalized and modified. The scientific and practical foundations of a systemic proteomic strategy for identifying the protein composition of meat raw materials and the authenticity of meat products have been developed. A scheme for constructing proteomic maps and spectra of identified proteins and peptides of meat and meat products using bioinformatic data processing has been developed, and a scheme for choosing a research methodology as a tool for identifying and confirming the composition of meat products has been formed.

Descriptive electromyography signals analysis of equine longissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis and gluteus medius muscles during maneuvers used to activate the core

ABSTRACT Maneuvers to activate the equine's core can make a difference in their physical and psychic health. Although these activities are recommended and practiced, there is little research proving their effectiveness. This article aims to describe, through surface electromyography, the occurrences, durations and sequences activity of longissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis and gluteus medius during thoracolumbar flexion (TLF), lumbar and lumbosacral flexion (LLSF), global flexion (GF), which is the combination of TLF and LLSF, and tail traction (TT). Seven healthy adult horses of three different breeds performed five repetitions of these movements for five seconds (sec). Electromyographic activity was captured with non-invasive superficial sensors positioned in the skin regions covering these muscles. The sequence was performed once per animal, muscle activity captured by surface electromyography, data from two replicates of each animal were selected, analyzed on matLab software and data tabulation were described during each maneuver. These maneuvers provoked punctual and transient activation of muscles mentioned above, confirming the ability to activate equine core muscles. However, responses were not standardized, which means there were variations of occurrence, duration and sequence, suggesting that for practical application of those maneuvers it is necessary to perform more repetitions with longer durations to activate more muscles.

High-Output Micro-Machined Electrostatic Actuators

This work presents a new class of micromachined electrostatic actuators capable of producing output force and displacement unprecedented for MEMS actuators. The actuators feature submicron high aspect ratio transduction gaps lined up in two-dimensional arrays inspired by the cellular structure of animal muscle tissue. Such arrangement of micro-scale actuator cells, allows addition of force and displacements of a large number of cells (up to 7600 in one array demonstrated), leading to displacements in the hundreds of microns range and several gram-forces of axial force. For 50 µm thick actuators with horizontal dimensions in the 1-4 millimeters range, out of plane displacement of up to 678 µm, bending moment of up to 2.0 µNm i.e. 0.08 N (~8 gram-force) of axial force over the 50 µm by 2 mm cross-sectional area of the actuator (800 kPa of electrostatically generated stress), and energy density (mechanical work output per stroke per volume) up to 1.42 mJ/cm3 have been demonstrated for the actuators.

AN OVERVIEW ON CHATURVIDHASHENHA (AYURVEDIC CLASSICAL FOUR TYPES OF FATS) IN SUTIKAPARICHARYA (PUERPERIUM)

Introduction : A group of human is nothing but society. Ayurveda not only explains individuals health but well commented on community health. In this context, Ayurveda described about Supraja (Healthy and Cultured progeny). Female has got an opportunity to nurture Supraja as she has capability of giving birth because of typical genetic development. For mother and child care diet, remedies, medicines, rules are mentioned in Ayurveda. (Aim). Hence topic was selected to review Chaturvidhasneha ( internal and external) in Sutikapricharya. Material and Method: Sutikaparicharya and Sheh Varga (group of unctuous food) were reviewed. Observation: A female, after expulsion of placenta at the end of labour is known as Sutika . According to classical references Sutika Kalavadhi is from 5th day to up to 45 th day. Involvement Trishosha, Saptadhatu, Upadhatu are observed during labour and Sutikaawastha. In Ayurvedic compendia, twenty four types of herbal unctuous substances are mentioned. Postnatal care period is indicated for consumption of these unctuous substances. Discussion: : In such condition, internal and external oleation helps to alleviate Tridosha, give strength to bodily tissues and rejuvenate deteriorated body organs involved during labour. Vegetable and animal are two sources of fats. Ghrita (cow ghee), Tila Taila (Sesame oil), Vasaa (animal muscle fat) and Majja (marrow) are described. Conclusion: Chaturvidhasneha plays an important role in Sutikaparichary., In this process, extensive depletion of Dhatu, Updhatu (Supportive tissue) and aggravation of Tridosha occurs. Chaturvidhasheha allivates Tridosha, recover depleted supportive tissue and helps in rejuvenation of body strength.

TRICHINELLOSIS OF THE STONE MARTEN (MARTES FOINA) IN CENTRAL RUSSIA

Over the past 5 years, research has been carried out in natural biocenosis on the stone marten (Martes foina) infected with the pathogen of trichinellosis in Central Russia. Biological material for research was collected in hunting farms, reserves and "green zones" of the Central Region of Russia (the Vladimir, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Ryazan, Oryol and Bryansk regions) during the opening of amateur sports hunting for fur animals from 2017 to 2021. Diagnostics and isolation of helminth larvae from animal muscle tissue samples were performed by the compressor trichinelloscopy and digestion in artificial gastric juice. The degree of host invasion with helminth and invasion intensity were determined. A total of 35 animals were studied. As a result of studies, the infection rate of helminthozoonosis in animals was from 8.3 to 40.0%. The intensity of invasion was recorded between 2 and 39 larvae in 1 g of diaphragm muscle tissue. Trichinella invasion among martens was observed equally in both males and females. The largest percentage of the invasive form of the helminthiasis pathogen occurred in animals older than 2 years. The adverse situation of helminthozoonosis among fur animals was noted in the Ryazan region.

Status of meat alternatives and their potential role in the future meat market — A review

Plant-based meat analogues, edible insects, and cultured meat are promising major meat alternatives that can be used as protein sources in the future. It is also believed that the importance of meat alternatives will continue to increase because of concerns on limited sustainability of the traditional meat production system. The meat alternatives are expected to have different roles based on their different benefits and limitations. Plant-based meat analogues and edible insects can replace traditional meat as a good protein source from the perspective of nutritional value. Furthermore, plant-based meat can be made available to a wide range of consumers (e.g., as vegetarian or halal food products). However, despite ongoing technical developments, their palatability, including appearance, flavor, and texture, is still different from the consumers’ standard established from livestock-based traditional meat. Meanwhile, cultured meat is the only method to produce actual animal muscle-based meat; therefore, the final product is more meat-like compared to other meat analogues. However, technical difficulties, especially in mass production and cost, remain before it can be commercialized. Nevertheless, these meat alternatives can be a part of our future protein sources while maintaining a complementary relationship with traditional meat.

Advances of MSTN Genetic Markers in Domesticated Animals

The myostatin (MSTN) gene is a negative regulator of animal muscle growth and development. This gene not only inhibits muscle cell growth and reduces fat accumulation but also exerts a significant effect on back fat thickness, birth weight and carcass traits. MSTN gene mutation, an important factor that influences economic traits, directly affects the growth and development of animals and consequently the quality of animal products. This paper reviews the structural and functional characteristics of the MSTN gene. The genetic variation of the MSTN gene is then compared among four domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goat and pig) and its correlation with important economic traits is analysed. The mechanism and structural characteristics of MSTN gene mutants are further discussed. This paper provides explication on the application of MSTN gene research in breeding and its importance to the advancement of animal husbandry.

Biochemical Profile of Spiny Lobsters P. homarus and P. ornatus

Background: Lobsters are highly expensive and demanded sea food due to their taste and nutritional value. Especially people around the world prefer more and pay huge for live lobsters. They are being exportedin different forms like frozen, whole cooked, whole chilled frozen tails and as lobster meat. As there is an extreme targeted catch these lobster resources are being exploited. The spiny lobsters, P. homarus and P. ornatus are one among the major distributed lobster species along the Gulf of Mannar, South east coast of India. The two lobster species are flavored seafood in many countries because of their more nutrient content are fine flavor. Methods: The experiment was conducted for a period of one year (2018-2019). The spiny lobsters P. homarus and P. ornatus werecultured under captivity in FRP tanks for a period of one year. After the study period the animal muscle was taken lyophilized and stored at 20o C and used for further analysis. Result: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the crude protein, carbohydrates, crude lipids, moisture ash, amino acids and fatty acids from harvested spiny lobster, P. homarus and P. ornatus. The maximum protein content carbohydrate, lipid, Moisture, Ash and amino acids, fatty acids was noted in P. ornatus. The biochemical compositions amino acids and fatty acids were observed moderate and lowest in P. homarus.

Alt-meat demand surging will reshape protein choices

Subject Alternative meat demand is surging and supply, distribution and regulation is running to catch up. Significance The share price of the company Beyond Meat rose by 163% in its initial public offering (IPO) on May 2, the best performance by any US IPO in more than ten years. Moreover, unlike some debutantes, the price has kept rising, reaching a market capitalisation of 9 billion dollars. Alternative meat (alt-meat) includes manufacturing 'meat' from plant based products and engineering it scientifically from animal muscle. Impacts The meat sector will fight to maintain the strict definition and use of the term ‘meat’ for marketing uses and in retail outlets. Alt-meat products are perceived as healthier, but regulatory review and research will be under pressure to back up these claims. Reducing animal use by the food sector will require new regulation and a shift in attitude and cultural norms in developing nations. Alt-meat taste and texture varies but as this improves, advertising will focus on animal welfare, health and environmental credentials. Meat is the largest employer in US agriculture; if less farm-reared meat is demanded globally, this will alter employment and skill needs.