PERSALINAN NYAMAN DENGAN TEKNIK REBOZO

Persalinan adalah proses dimana bayi, plasenta dan selaput ketuban keluar dari rahim ibu pada usia cukup bulan tanpa disertai penyulit. Pada proses persalinan kemampuan dan keterampilan penolong sangat mempengaruhi kenyamanan dan kelancaran persalinan. Asuhan yang diberikan dapat disesuaikan dengan kondisi ibu. Teknik rebozo dapat digunakan selama persalinan untuk membantu serat otot dalam ligament uterus rileks sehingga mampu mengurangi rasa sakit serta dapat menciptakan efek positif psikologis dan sosial, sehingga ibu yang melahirkan dalam keadaan rileks, semua lapisan otot dalam rahim akan bekerja sama secara harmonis sehingga persalinan berjalan lancar, mudah, dan nyaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tekhnik rebozo dengan lamanya kalai 1 dan tingkat nyeri pada proses persalinan. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Pra Eksperiment dengan pendekatan satisfic group comparison desain untuk mengetahui pengaruh tekhnik rebozo terhadap pengurangan rasa nyeri dan lamanya kala I pada kelompok perlakuan dan untuk mengetahui tingkat nyeri dan lamanya kala I pada kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisa lama kala I dengan menggunakan teknik rebozo pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar1,20 dimana p-value 0,002. Sedangkan analisa tingkat nyeri sebesar 1,20 dengan p-value 0,000. Ada pengaruh dilakukan teknik rebozo dengan lamanya kala I dan tingkat nyeri pada proses persalinan. Teknik rebozo dapat diterapkan pada setiap proses persalinan normal. Kata kunci : Teknik Rebozo, Lama Kala I, Nyeri Persalinan AbstractChildbirth is a process by which babies, placenta and amni-coated membranes emerge from the mother's womb at enough age without an embroiderer. In the delivery of helper skills and skills greatly affect the comfort and smoothness of delivery. The upbringing given can be tailored to the mother's condition. The rebozo technique can be used during labor to help the muscle fibers in the ligament of the uterus relax so that it helps to reduce pain and can create psychological and social positive effects, so that the relaxed birth of the mother works harmonically and thus function smoothly, easily, and comfortably. The study aims to identify the effects of rebozo's technique with length of time 1 and the level of pain in childbirth. This research design USES pre experiment with the satisfic group submission design to know the rebozo's impact on pain relief and length of time on treatment groups and to know the degree of pain and length of time on control groups. Ancient analysis of time I used a rebozo technique on a huge treatment group 1.20 where p-value 0.002. While the analysis of pain levels is 1.20 with p-value 0,000. Rebozo techniques have been affected by the length of time and the degree of pain in childbirth. Rebozo techniques can be applied to any normal childbirth process. Keywords: Rebozo Technique, Long Time I, Labor Pain

Durable anti-oil-fouling superhydrophilic membranes for oil-in-water emulsion separation

Marine mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coatings show excellent hydrophilicity and substrate-independent adhesion ability, but low stability, especially in a harsh environment such as strong acid or strong base, significantly restricts their applications. In this work, we prepare a novel superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic coating based on a modified PDA. Diglycidyl resorcinol ether (DGRE) polyethyleneimine (PEI) and iron ions were incorporated into PDA to strengthen the cross-linking and coating durability. By using three chemically inert hydrophobic membranes, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride), and polypropylene, as substrates, we showed that PDA/PEI/DGRE-coated membranes had a water contact angle (CA) of 0° and underwater oil CA above 157°, and their underwater oil SAs were <7°. The coating is durable against both physical and chemical damages including ultrasound and heat treatments, as well as acid/alkaline etching. After ultrasound treatment in water for 60 min, and heating treatment for 3 h, or acid/alkaline etching for 3 h, the coated PTFE membrane still showed water CAs of ∼0° in air and underwater oil CAs of ∼150°. The coated membranes can efficiently separate oil-in-water emulsions, even in strong acid and base environments. The water flux was above 1500 L m−2 h−1, and the oil rejection was above 99%.

Sustained release of ancillary amounts of testosterone and alendronate from PLGA coated pericard membranes and implants to improve bone healing

Testosterone and alendronate have been identified as two bone healing compounds which, when combined, synergistically stimulate bone regeneration. This study describes the development of a novel ultrasonic spray coating for sustained release of ancillary amounts of testosterone and alendronate encapsulated in PLGA 5004A as a carrier. Due to the low amounts of testosterone and alendronate used, sensitive in vitro assays were developed to determine in vitro release. The ultrasonic spray coating technology was optimized for coating titanium screws and pericardial collagen membranes, with the aim to improve osseo-integration and (guided) bone regeneration, respectively, without interfering with their primary mode of action. In vitro release analysis of collagen membranes and screws showed up to 21 days sustained release of the compounds without a burst release. Subsequent preclinical studies in rat and rabbit models indicated that testosterone and alendronate coated membranes and screws significantly improved bone regeneration in vivo. Coated membranes significantly improved the formation of new bone in a critical size calvarial defect model in rats (by 160% compared to controls). Coated screws implanted in rabbit femoral condyles significantly improved bone implant contact (69% vs 54% in controls), bone mineral density (121%) and bone volume (119%) up to 1.3 mm from the implant. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that implants or membranes enabled with local sustained delivery of ancillary amounts of testosterone and alendronate can be a promising system to stimulate local bone regeneration resulting in improved osseo-integration of implants and improved healing of bone defects and fractures.

Development and applications of novel nanostructured materials in water treatment : adsorption, filtration, and reaction

Nanomaterial-based adsorbents and photocatalysts have gained increasing attention in the applications of water and wastewaters treatment due to their attractive properties and strong adsorption capabilities for a wide range of contaminants. The objective of this study is to fabricate, characterize, and apply a group of nanomaterials to adsorb, remove, and degrade contaminants in water. An iron oxide/graphene oxide (IOGOx) composite was evaluated for the effective As(V) removal from the aqueous solutions. Adsorption on hematite and IOGO(25 [percent]) at 25 [degrees]C, pH 7, and 1 mM NaNO3 showed 76 [percent] of As(V) removal within the first 5 minutes and 95 [percent] at 40 minutes. As(V) adsorption efficiency increased with increase GO loading; while, this efficiency decreased at high IO loading. Kinetic data was a well fitted to pseudo-second-order, so those results suggested that the surface complexation is the main mechanism for As(V) adsorption on the surface of adsorbents. All composites were able to reduce the As(V) concentration below 10 [micro]gL[superscript -1] that is the recommended maximum permissible concentration of As(V) in drinking water by World Health Organization (WHO). A novel technique for coating a group of tubular ceramic membranes by multi-layers of TiO2 was used to reduce the pore size of the support membranes and to improve their performances. Polyethylene glycol was used as a model molecule to compare and examine the coated membranes in the evolution of fouling and rejection over time. The SEM images showed that TiO2 covered the surface and the active layer; therefore, the permeable path sizes decreased gradually. The results of flux and permeability of membranes confirmed the success of the coating. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) increased with each coating layer, while the rejection of the membrane was improved. After cleaning the membranes with ultrapure water, TMP of all the membranes decreased until reaching to the clean material values. In this study, 4-layers coated membrane showed its ability to be used many times after cleaning with ultrapure water. The coated membranes were tested for a novel technique that combines filtration and advanced oxidation processes for sulfamethazine (SMZ) removal and degradation using a continues flow reactor and under different conditions. The system included a a membrane module with UV-light. In the absence of UV-light, the results showed no significant removal of 5 ppm and 10 ppm of SMZ during the experiment. Under UV-light, the system was able to significantly degrade 5 ppm and 10 ppm of SMZ from the solution, particularly, at pH 2. In the presence of humic acid (HA), there was a significant increase in the SMZ degradation with all pH values by decreasing the required time to degrade SMZ in clean water. When NO3[superscript -] or Cl[superscript -] ions were added, an increase in the degradation rate of SMZ was observed in the presence of NO3[superscript -] in comparison with clean water, but Cl[superscript -] led to a decrease in the SMZ degradation under UV light. The process could be applied for SMZ removal from the water in water treatment plants.

Hybrid Ceramic Membranes for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Aqueous Solutions

Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technology was used to coat alumina ceramic membranes with nanosized polyelectrolyte films. The polyelectrolyte chains form a network with nanopores on the ceramic surface and promote the rejection of small molecules such as pharmaceuticals, salts and industrial contaminants, which can otherwise not be eliminated using standard ultrafiltration methods. The properties and performance of newly developed hybrid membranes are in the focus of this investigation. The homogeneity of the applied coating layer was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Properties such as permeability, bubble point, pore size distribution and Zeta potential were determined for both pristine and LbL coated membranes using various laboratory tests. Subsequently, a thorough comparison was drawn. The charging behavior at solid-liquid interface was characterized using streaming potential techniques. The retention potential was monitored by subjecting widely used pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazol. The results prove a successful elimination of pharmaceutical contaminants, up to 84% from drinking water, by applying a combination of polyelectrolyte multilayers and ceramic membranes.

Microfiltration Membranes Modified with Composition of Titanium Oxide and Silver Oxide by Magnetron Sputtering

In this work, the authors present the possibility of modification of polymer membranes by TiO2 + AgO coating created by the magnetron sputtering method. The two-component TiO2 + AgO coating can improve and shape new functional properties such as bactericidal and photocatalytic properties. The influence of magnetron power changes on the structure of the membrane was investigated as well. The structure and elemental composition of TiO2 + AgO coatings were analyzed using SEM and EDS technique. All deposited coatings caused a total inhibition of the growth of two investigated colonies of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis on the surface. The photocatalytic properties for membranes covered with oxide coatings were tested under UV irradiation and visible light. The filtration result show that polymer membranes covered with two-component TiO2 + AgO coatings have a permeate flux similar to the non-coated membranes.