A Preliminary Study on the Design of C-Section Props

A cesarean section (c-section) is a surgical procedure aimed to deliver a baby by opening the abdominal wall and uterus. Now, c-section is one of the choices that are often chosen by mothers when giving birth. The knowledge and skills of c-section are important in education that focuses on obstetrics and obstetrics, especially for prospective specialist doctors taking the title of Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology (SpOG). Residents are required to be able to understand the procedure of c-section both in theory and practice. To train and improve c-section skills, one of the methods used is to use c-section props. This study aims to design and manufacture c-section props that resemble actual conditions and can be used repeatedly. The cesarean section props consist of three main parts, namely the abdominal body, the uterus, and the synthetic skin layer of the abdomen. The product master uses 3D printer results with PLA filament material. The props are made of RTV-48 silicone rubber and Polyurethane Foam with a mold made of fiberglass composite using the Hand Lay-UP method. The c-section props produced can provide an overview of the general cesarean surgery procedure.

Effect of Non-Metallic Composite Reinforcement on Load-Bearing Capacity

It is known that non-metallic composite reinforcement was invented in the 60's of the last century, and already then, a large number of scientists began to investigate its physical and mechanical characteristics. Despite its rather old age, this reinforcement has not been sufficiently studied for its work in building structures. Fiberglass composite reinforcement (Arvit) is a high quality construction material with many advantages: 4-5 times less weight compared to metal of the same diameter; it does not rust or oxidize; tensile strength is 2 times higher than metal reinforcement; it does not conduct electricity; high resistance to temperature changes from -70 to +200 ° C; easy to transport. The distinctive features of work of fiberglass composite reinforcement in bending spacer elements are still insufficiently studied, which in design and production practices leads to the non-use of such reinforcement in the construction of elements of buildings and structures. The experimental results of the test specimens are presented in the article. In first test specimen, longitudinal working reinforcement was made of two metal rods Ø8 class A400S, in second - two fiberglass rods Ø8 AKS 600.

Karakteristik Bending Struktur Berlapis dengan Inti Berbentuk Gelombang Trapezoidal Dua Arah

Abstrak Struktur berlapis berbahan komposit FRP banyak dibutuhkan di sektor transportasi, dengan pertimbangan performa yang baik dalam hal bobot yang ringan serta kekuatan yang tinggi. Struktur berlapis juga memiliki kemampuan untuk melindungi penumpang dari luka-luka serius ketika terjadi kecelakaan (tabrakan). Hal ini memberikan alasan mangapa struktur ini sangat dibutuhkan pada sektor transportasi. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mendapatkan metoda pembuatan spesimen sturktur berlapis dengan inti berbentuk gelombang trapezoidal yang paling sederhana. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mendapatkan angka beban maksimum yang dapat ditahan oleh struktur berlapis serta angka kekakuannya melalui uji bending. Bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat struktur berlapis ini adalah bahan komposit serat kaca. Specimen struktur berlapis dibuat dengan dua variasi jenis serat kaca, yaitu WR400 dan WR600 serta variasi ketebalan dinding inti struktur berlapis, yatu 1 lapis dan 2 lapis serat kaca. Pengujian bending yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa struktur berlapis dapat menahan beban sampai sebesar 176,05 kg, yang ditunjukkan oleh struktur berlapis yang dibuat dengan 2 lapis bahan serat kaca WR600. Specimen yang sama juga menunjukkan angka kekauan tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 55,6 Kgf/mm. Kata kunci:Struktur berlapis, inti gelombang, komposit serat kaca, beban maksimum, kekakuan Abstract Sandwich structure made of FRP composite is much need in the transportation sector, because of its good performance, such as lightweight and high strength. Sandwich structure is also has ability to protect passenger from serious injury in the case of accident (crash). This is the reason whay this sandwich structure is needed in the transportation sector.this research is focused to find a simplest method of making a sandwich structure with a trapezoidal corrugated core. This research is also aims to obtain the maximum load that can be bear by the sandwich structure as well as the stiffness value through the bending test. Material that is used to make this sandwich structure is fiberglass compmosite. The specimens were made with two variation of fiberglass woven, which is WR400 and WR600, and variations in thickness of structure core, which is 1 layer and 2 layer of fiberglass. The bending test that have been performed show that the maximum load that can be helad reaches 176.05 kgf, which is showed by the sandwich structure wade with 2 layers of fiberglass WR600. The same specimen also showed the highest stiffness value of 55.6 Kgf/mm. Keywords:Sandwich structure, corrugated core, fiberglass composite, maksimum load, stiffness

A Thermal aging and catalyst concentration effects on thermo-dynamical and mechanical properties of a polyester fiberglass composite

This work deals with the characterization by physicochemical and mechanical analysis performed on composite polyester fiberglass plates molded by contact and aged in thermo-stated ovens to simulate their deleterious environment of use. The DSC analysis revealed that the catalyst concentration affected the thermal behavior of the composite. Indeed, the addition of a higher catalyst concentration slightly lowered the glass transition temperature. From a mechanical point of view, it was observed that the catalyst addition made the material stiffer. The properties at fracture were also affected by the catalyst concentration and varied irregularly with aging.

Practical Use of Composite Materials Used in Military Aircraft

The article presents a comparative characterization of the structural materials (composites and metals) used in modern aviation structures, focusing on the airframe structure of the most modern aircraft (Airbus A-380, Boeing B-787, and JSF F-35). Selected design and operational problems were analysed, with particular emphasis on composites and light metals (aluminium). For this purpose, the Shore’s method was used for the analysis of the obtained strength results and the programming environment (ANSYS, SolidWorks) required to simulate the GLARE 3 2/1-04 composite. The focus was on highlighting the differences in the construction and modelling of these materials resulting from their various structures (isotropy and anisotropy), e.g., by analyzing the mechanics of metal destruction and comparing it with the composite material. In terms of solving the problems of finite element analysis FEM, tests have been carried out on two samples made of an aluminium alloy and a fiberglass composite. The focus was on highlighting the differences in the construction and modelling of these materials resulting from their various structures (isotropy and anisotropy), e.g., by analyzing the mechanics of metal destruction and comparing it with the composite material. On the basis of the obtained results, the preferred variant was selected, in terms of displacements, stresses, and deformations. In the final part of the work, based on the conducted literature analysis and the conducted research (analysis, simulations, and tests), significant observations and final conclusions, reflected in practical applications, were formulated.

The Effect of a Flexible Blade for Load Alleviation in Wind Turbines

This article presents the analysis of the performance of a flexible wind turbine blade. The simulation analysis is based on a 3 m span blade prototype. The blade has a flexible surface and a cam mechanism that modifies the aerodynamic profile and adapts the surface to different configurations. The blade surface was built with a flexible fiberglass composite, and the internal mechanism consists of a flexible structure actuated with an eccentric cam. The cam mechanism deforms five sections of the blade, and the airfoil geometry for each section was measured from zero cam displacement to full cam displacement. The measured data were interpolated to obtain the aerodynamic profiles of the five sections to model the flexible blade in the simulation process. The simulation analysis consisted of determining the different aerodynamic coefficients for different deformed surfaces and a range of wind speeds. The aerodynamic coefficients were calculated with the BEM method (QBlade®); as a result, the data performance of the flexible blade was compared for the different deformation configurations. Finally, a decrease of up to approximately 6% in the mean bending moment suggests that the flexible turbine rotor presented in this article can be used to reduce extreme and fatigue loads on wind turbines.

Lightweight Panel for Building Construction Based on Honeycomb Paper Composite/Core-Fiberglass Composite/Face Materials

Lightweight panels for indoor constructions are typically made from composite materials with honeycomb and corrugated structures. The reinforcements are used in this study, one is fiberglass and the other is cellulose fiber, which cellulose from recycled paper. Experimental results indicate that the weight of honeycomb paper panel is light, only 13.6% of fiberglass composite and 32.6% of plywood. The presence of honeycomb structure has a significant effect on mechanical behaviors of composite panels. Both flexural and compressive strengths increase by replacing corrugated structure into honeycomb structure. During compression, the compressive strength and modulus of two-layer honeycomb/core panel are higher than those of monolayer honeycomb/core. Particularly, the honeycomb cell-wall thickness has a little effect on the weight, but has an important effect on mechanical properties. These results can be created low cost and lightweight environment-friendly panels by using recycled paper honeycomb structure.

Application of processing fiber-plastic composite washing

Introduction. Innovative, new materials are increasingly used in transport construction, among which composite materials are becoming widespread.Small bridges and elements of large bridges, such as roadway slabs, pavements, railings, composite reinforcement, reinforcement elements, are made of composite materials.Recently, the use of polymer composite materials for the manufacture of lightly loaded structural elements of transport structures, such as lighting poles, drainage trays, railings.Much attention should be paid to the fiberglass composite railing, which has a number of advantages over traditional metal fencing. Unfortunately, at present there are no clearly defined in Ukraine regulations on fiberglass composite fencing, so this topic is relevant and necessary for the transport industry.Problem Statement. From the literature analysis it is established that the railings of highways and sidewalks are in difficult operating conditions, are constantly exposed to aggressive environments - water, chemicals, salts.Goal. Increasing the durability of the railing by using new materials.Results. The analysis of production of a fiberglass profile is carried out. On the basis of the conducted researches the general requirements to a protection of fiberglass composite washing machine are established. On the basis of the current normative documents the classification of a protection on a place of installation, type of filling of a skeleton, a method of fastening of risers is developed. The paper presents the main parameters and dimensions of the fence. Material requirements are set. Methods of control of a protection with establishment of a technique of test of a protection on resistance to action of horizontal and vertical loadings are developed. Recommendations on installation and installation of a protection of fiberglass composite washing machine are offered.Conclusions. The research results were used in the development of technical conditions for the protection of fiberglass composite washing machine.Keywords: road, composite, bridge, fencing, profile, fiberglass, artificial construction