Forecasting the operation of wells in the Bazhenov formation based on a modified dynamic material balance model

Background. Predicting the dynamics of the Bazhenov formation is an important task. Traditionally, it is carried out using geological and hydrodynamic modeling, i. e., solving the direct problem of hydrodynamics. However, for shale reservoirs, this approach is not possible, oil production is a derivative of geology to a lesser extent than technology. Industrial net production rates can be obtained from non-reservoirs in the usual sense. The system of technogenic fractures forms a reservoir associated with oil-saturated rock and the properties of such a system are described by too many parameters with high uncertainty and a number of assumptions [3–7]. On the other hand, there are forecasting methods based on solving the inverse problem of hydrodynamics. Having a sufficient amount of development data, it is possible to predict the dynamics of work based on statistical dependencies [9] or proxy material balance models. The purpose of this work. The purpose of this work was to create a convenient methodology for calculating oil production from the reservoirs of the Bazhenov formation. Methodology. The paper proposes and tests a method for predicting the dynamics of oil, liquid and gas production for wells in the Bazhenov formation based on a modification of the CRM dynamic material balance model (Capacity-Resistive Models — volume-resistive model). Results. The method was tested when calculating the technological indicators of development for the object of one of the fields located in the KhMAO and showed its efficiency, which allows us to recommend it as a basis for drawing up project documents as an alternative to building a hydrodynamic model (GDM).

Application of Capacitance-Resistive Model With Global Optimizer

The need to do a history matching in a deltaic environment with a total of 550 compartmentalized channel reservoirs of Field X brings such heavy challenges in terms of time consumed and uncertainties present. The capacitance-resistive model (CRM) rooted in signal processing between the injection and production rate was chosen to determine connectivity between injectors and producers (f_ij) and flood efficiencies for portions of the field (f_F). These constants become key insights for validating the dynamic synthesis of the reservoirs. CRM relies solely upon production and injection data. Two different control-volumes for CRM, CRMT and CRMP, were solved using a global non-deterministic solver which elevate differential evolution algorithm. The parameters’ solved was then validated with the observed liquid rate of the wells. Several techniques such as using system-wide R2 as the objective function, removal of inactive wells and distance-based weighting were used to improve the validation of the proxy model. The methods were applied to validate analyzed reservoirs with divided regions based on earlier analysis. A first CRM run was presented in this paper to test the algorithm prepared. Then another CRM run were demonstrated in this paper to show how they confirm the compartmentalization within a reservoir when compared to the reservoir’s pressure-over-time plot and earlier manual production-injection data analysis. This paper exemplified the strength of CRM itself which is to describe large-scale system in a way that circumvents geologic modeling and saturation matching with short to moderate computation time, as well as improvements applied to help the optimization process.

Microgripper Based on Simple Compliance Configurations, Improved by Using Parameterization

The design of a novel electrothermal microgripper device is shown, which is based on an improved chevron type actuator developed considering their elements parameterization, whose resistive model is also provided. The performance of the microgripper’s parameters, such as displacement, force, and temperature distribution, with convection for the voltage range from 0 up to 5 V, is evaluated through numerical and analytical simulation. Microgripper design was also improved with aid of parameterization. The effect on the microgripper performance due to its thickness is also analyzed, finding a considerable increment in force, when thickness increases. Its main advantage is given by the simplicity of the compliance arrangement of the microgrippers jaws. Considering convection, when 5 V are applied, 37.72 °C was generated at the jaw’s tips of the Improved Microgripper 2 (IMG2), implemented with silicon, this relatively low temperature increases its capabilities of application. When the IMG2 is implemented with polysilicon, its response is competitive comparing with a more complex microgripper, increase of displacement (50%) is shown, but a decrement of force (30%). The diameters allowed for the subjection objects are found between 84.64 µm and 108 µm, with weights lower than 612.2 µg. Some tests of subjection were performed using microcylinders of Au, glass ceramic, polycarbonate and carbon fiber, showing a permissible stress on them, considering its Young’s modulus, as well as the total reaction force induced. All simulations were done on Ansys software. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the future microgripper fabrication.

Параметрическое усиление высокочастотного излучения точечными контактами Джозефсона вблизи субгармонических ступенек Шапиро

Parametric amplification of a high-frequency radiation by point-like Josephson junctions in the cavity has been studied within a resistive model. It is shown numerically and analytically that near the subharmonic steps of the current–voltage characteristic there are areas of amplification of electromagnetic radiation. An one-dimensional array of the Josephson point junctions connected in series is treated. It is shown that the junctions in the array near the subharmonic steps of current–voltage characteristic are nonsynchronized and, accordingly, the amplification regions near the subharmonic steps of the array are missing.