Groundwater flow modeling in the basaltic hard rock area of Maharashtra, India

The ecological sustainable development and planning of groundwater resources is an excessive challenge for many countries currently facing water insufficiency. The main focus of this work was to determine the direction of groundwater flow, head value, and water level using the steady-state finite difference model (MODFLOW software) in basaltic formations in Maharashtra, India. The MODFLOW model was integrated with ground data using Geographic Information System (GIS) for sustainable groundwater resource management in the hard rock terrain. The MODFLOW-2005 model simulated the interaction between heads and time in 2014–18 by steady-state conditions. In this present study, four observation wells were selected. During the field survey, four observation wells have been monitored regularly as per the Central Groundwater Board guidelines. MODFLOW software has been conceptualized as a double-layered rigid and fractured aquifer area feast over 18,312 m × 11,265 m area. This research demonstrates that the integration of GIS, conventional fieldwork, and mathematical model can support to understand groundwater demand and supply in a better way.

PATs Behavior in Pressurized Irrigation Hydrants towards Sustainability

Sustainability and efficiency in irrigation are essential in the management of the water–energy–food nexus to reach the Sustainable Development Goals in 2030. In irrigation systems, the reduction of energy consumption is required to improve the system efficiency and consequently the sustainability indicators of the water network. The use of pumps working as turbines (PATs) has been a feasible solution to recover the excess of energy where pressure reduction valves are installed. This research demonstrates the use of PATs under steady and unsteady conditions by analyzing the application in a real irrigation networks located in Vallada (Valencia, Spain). The study shows the possibility of recovering 44 MWh/year using PATs installed upstream of the irrigation hydrants. The real behavior of the PAT operation in a stand-alone recovery energy solution allowed analysis of the flow, head and efficiency variation as a function of the rotational speed, as well as the minimum capacitance to self-excite the generator and the resistive load of the electrical circuit. The PAT limit is examined in terms of the overpressure induced by a fast closure manoeuvre of hydrants, and the runaway conditions due to the disconnection from the electrical load.

O75: SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF SIROLIMUS THERAPY IN HEAD AND NECK VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS

Introduction To assess the efficacy and safety of Sirolimus in the treatment of low-flow head and neck (H&N) vascular malformations Method Patients who presented to our tertiary referral clinic were assessed for eligibility. Suitable patients were commenced on Sirolimus at 0.8 mg/m2, administered orally twice daily, which was approved by our trust Drug and Therapeutic Committee. Patients were reviewed on a monthly basis for a total of six months with an additional one-month review to check for effects upon ceasing treatment. Efficacy and safety were measured through functional and radiological response, laboratory investigations and quality of life questionnaire (36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Visual Analogue Score for Pain (VAS-P)). Result Seven patients (mean age 39 years, range 23-65 years) were recruited. One patient did not complete treatment due to intolerable side effects. All patients had a partial response with no patients showing disease progression or complete response. All post-treatment MRI scans showed stable disease with five patients demonstrating a decrease in lesion volume. Five patients reported return of symptoms at one-month post review upon discontinuation of treatment. No statistical significance (P>0.05) in all eight domains of SF-36, HADS, VAS-P and radiological vascular lesion volume between pre- and post-treatment. Most common reported side effects were mouth ulcers (n=2) and metabolic/laboratory abnormality (n=2) Conclusion Sirolimus is an effective and safe treatment for patients with complicated low-flow H&N vascular malformations. This provides an alternative treatment where interventional therapy is considered to be limited or challenging. Take-home message Sirolimus is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with complicated low-flow head and neck vascular malformations where interventional therapy is limited or challenging.

Study on the Four-Quadrant Homologous Characteristic and Two-Phase Flow Head Degradation of a Reactor Coolant Pump

This paper studies the four-quadrant homologous characteristic and analyzes the gas–liquid two-phase flow head degradation of ACP100 reactor coolant pump. The theoretical basis and the operating conditions of the pump's four-quadrant homologous characteristic are introduced. To verify the reliability of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the comparison of the results from CFD and test is implemented, and with these datum for the pump is plotted with homologous curves. In this paper, homologous pump characteristics are used to make the proper estimation on complete characteristic outside the testing range. Meanwhile, a combined method of impeller Euler head distribution and entropy generation rate analysis are applied for the head degradation of ACP100 reactor coolant pump under gas–liquid two-phase flow condition, and 70% of gas void fraction (GVF) is shown as the maximum degradation point. In addition, head degradation multiplier plots homologous curves are used to predict the homologous characteristic of specific GVF.

Uncertainty analysis of discharge coefficient of circular crested weirs

The circular crested weir (CCW) has been introduced as weirs having a high discharge coefficient (Cd). The ratio of flow head to the radius of the crest (H/R) is the most important parameter affecting the Cd, that the $${\text{Cd}} \approx a\left( {H/R} \right)^{b}$$ Cd ≈ a H / R b can mathematical model their relation. In this study, the parameters of the Cd formula (i.e., a and b) were uncertainty analyzed using Monte Carlo (MC) and Bootstrap methods (BM). To perform these methods, some of the built-in functions of Excel software were utilized. The results declared that the average values of a and b were 1.187 and 0.140. The outcome of the MC method showed that the range of a and b at 95% confidence interval changed between 1.179 to 1.194 and 0.134 to 0.146, respectively, while at the same confidence interval the BM ranged from 1.187 to 1.200 and 0.133 to 0.147.

Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Irrigation System with Different Nozzle Numbers

HighlightsWhen the photovoltaic irrigation system is loaded with different numbers of nozzles, the working pressure of the nozzle will change. This is because the pipeline characteristics have changed with the variation of nozzle number. So the pump operating point changes and its head will also change, which leads to the change of working pressure of nozzle. To solve this problem, by theory analysis based on the test results, it is feasible to make the pump flow rate/head curve flatter. In this case, when the system pipeline characteristics change, the pump head changes little.This article presents a new optimization method to improve the performance of photovoltaic irrigation systems under variable load. The method just needs to optimize the four pump impeller structure parameters, which can make the pump flow rate/head curve flatter. So the pump head changes a little when the system is loaded with different numbers of nozzles, which can make the working pressure of the nozzle stable and improve the system performance.Taking the slope of flow-head curve as the optimization objective, and the impeller blade outlet angle ß2, blade outlet width b2, blade number Z, and rear cover diameter D2min as the optimization variables, the performance of the photovoltaic irrigation system is optimized by orthogonal test design optimization scheme. After optimization, when the system is loaded with a different number of nozzles, it can provide relatively similar pressure under different ranges of light intensity.Abstract. The performance of the photovoltaic irrigation system under variable load were obtained and analyzed through test measurement. The adaptability of the system under variable load could be improved by optimizing the pump impeller structure, and then the irrigation uniformity of the photovoltaic irrigation system under different loads could be improved. Taking the slope of flow-head curve as the optimization objective, and the impeller blade outlet angle ß2, blade outlet width b2, blade number Z, and rear cover diameter D2min as the optimization variables, the performance of the photovoltaic irrigation system is optimized by orthogonal test design optimization scheme and the test verification was carried out. The range method was applied to analyze the simulation results. It can be found that when the geometric parameters of the impeller are D2 = 86 mm, ß2 = 41°, b2 = 4.0 mm, and Z = 9, the slope of the pump flow-head curve is the highest. The system performance after optimization was measured and compared with the original scheme. By comparison, it was drawn that when the system is loaded with different numbers of nozzles, the nozzle pressure can be maintained near the optimal pressure of the nozzle within a wider light intensity. After optimization, when the system is loaded with a different number of nozzles, it can provide relatively similar pressure under different ranges of light intensity. Keywords: Nozzle, Orthogonal test, Optimal design, Photovoltaic irrigation, Pump.

ОБ ИЗМЕНЕНИИ НАПОРА В ВЕРХНЕМ БЬЕФЕ ЩИТОВОГО ЗАТВОРА

В данной статье описывается явление, наблюдавшееся в опытах с щитовым затвором. При опускании щита в поток напор в верхнем бьефе резко возрастал вначале, а затем плавно изменялся. Общий диапазон опускания щита, при котором наблюдалось данное явление, равнялся 3,6-3,8 мм. Поэтому шаг опускания затвора составлял 1,1-1,3 мм. Начальный напор потока под щитом равнялся от 25 до 28 мм. В статье высказано предположение о причинах возникновения этого явления.This article describes the phenomenon observed in experiments with a shield shutter. When the shield was lowered into the flow, the upstream head sharply increased at the beginning, and then smoothly changed. The total range of the lowering of shield was 3.6-3.8 mm, at which this phenomenon was observed. Therefore, step of the lowering of shield was 1.1-1.3 mm. The initial flow head under the shield was 25 to 28 mm. The article suggested the causes of this phenomenon.