Correction: Isaev et al. Accounting for Dissolved Organic Nutrients in an SPBEM-2 Model: Validation and Verification. Water 2020, 12, 1307

Error in Figure 11 [...]

Proximate Composition of Morning Glory (Ipomea indica) Leaf Meal

Biochemical studies with a view to evaluate the organic and inorganic nutrients in air-dried Ipomea leaf meal commonly known as morning glory (Ipomea indica) was carried out. Samples were replicated four times and the values recorded for each nutrient according to the replicates analyzed. The results of mean percentages for organic nutrients revealed that the samples contained 6.83±0.33% moisture, 6.83±0.17% ash, 17.89±0.45% protein, 1.67±0.17% lipid, 1.84±0.34% fiber and 81.84±0.38% nitrogen free extract (NFE). The inorganic content on the other hand was 0.68±0.04% magnesium, 1.11±0.08% sodium, 3.33±0.56% potassium, 1.68±0.03 calcium and 0.53±0.01% phosphorous. This indicated that air-dried leaf meal from Ipomea indica has nutritional qualities that could provide farmers with organic and inorganic nutrients for enhanced livestock nutrition. Therefore, air-dried leaf meal from Ipomea indica is recommended for feeding livestock in the study area.

Modelling dissolved organic nutrients in the Gulf of Finland: eliminating an uncertainty in boundary conditions

<p><span><span>The St. Petersburg model of eutrophication (SPBEM) has been modified with an explicit description of the total amounts of organic nutrients, including both dissolved and particulate forms [1, 2]. This modification allows total nutrient amounts to be fully taken into account as reported in field measurements and presented in environmental documents, thereby eliminating one of the important sources of uncertainty in boundary conditions [3]. </span></span></p><p><span>The SPBEM-2 model was validated and verified in the Gulf of Finland using data from more than 4,000 oceanographic stations for the period from 2009 to 2014. This results showed that the presented version of SPBEM-2 is able to plausibly reproduce all the main large-scale features and phenomena of the dynamics of nutrients in the Gulf of Finland, especially in its productive layer, which, for hypsographic reasons, contains and transforms the main reserves of nutrients.</span></p><p><span>Expansion of SPBEM-2 with dissolved organic nutrients makes it possible to fully take into account the loads on the land in both historical and scenario modelling, thereby reducing the uncertainty of impact.</span></p><p><span><span><strong>Acknowledgements</strong>:</span> <span>The authors A.I. and V.R. conducted the present study within the framework of the state assignment (theme No. </span><span>0128-2021-0014</span><span>).</span><span>The authors O.V. and T.E. were supported by the Government Target Project N FSZU</span>-2020-0009<span> of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The author O.S. from the Baltic Nest Institute was supported by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management through their grant 1:11—Measures for the marine and water environment.</span></span></p><p><strong><span>References</span></strong></p><p><span>1. Vladimirova O. M., Eremina T. R., Isaev A. V., Ryabchenko V. A., Savchuk O. P. </span><span>Modelling dissolved organic nutrients in the Gulf of Finland. Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Gidrofizika. 2018, 11, 4, </span><span>90—101. doi: 10.7868/S2073667318040111. </span></p><p><span>2. Isaev A, Vladimirova O, Eremina T, Ryabchenko V, Savchuk O. Accounting for Dissolved Organic Nutrients in an SPBEM-2 Model: Validation and Verification. </span><em><span>Water</span></em><span>. 2020; 12(5):1307. </span></p><p><span>3. Meier H.E.M., Edman M., Eilola K., et al. Assessment of Uncertainties in Scenario Simulations of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Baltic Sea. Front. Mar. Sci., 04 March 2019, Vol.6, Article 46. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00046 </span></p><p> </p>

Effect of Planting g Pattern and Organic Nutrient Sources on Performance of Maize in Maize-Cowpea Intercropping system

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting pattern and organic nutrients sources on maize in an intercropping system with cowpea. The treatment consists of four planting pattern (Sole maize, Sole cowpea, 1:1 maize + cowpea and 2:2 paired row maize + cowpea) and four nutrient sources (inorganic, FYM, ambrosia weed biomass and 50% through FYM + 50% through ambrosia weed biomass) allocated to main and sub plots, respectively. Growth parameters of maize did not vary significantly due to planting various planting patterns with cowpea except for dry matter accumulation at harvest. Highest grain, stover and biological yield of maize was also reported from sole maize which was at par with paired row planted maize but significantly higher over the maize intercropped in 1:1 planting pattern with cowpea. All the growth parameters and yield attributes of maize also differed significantly due to application of various sources of plant nutrients except for plant height at 30 DAS, CGR and RGR during 30-60 DAS and cobs per plant and cob length. Maximum grain yield in maize was recorded from inorganic nutrient source which was at par with combined nutrient application through FYM and ambrosia. Protein content ingrain remain at par but nutrient uptake varied markedly and follow the trends of grain and biological yields both due to planting pattern and nutrient sources.

Dissolved organic nutrients at the interface of fresh and marine waters: flow regime changes, biogeochemical cascades and picocyanobacterial blooms—the example of Florida Bay, USA

The availability of dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients and their transformations along the fresh to marine continuum are being modified by various natural and anthropogenic activities and climate-related changes. Subtropical central and eastern Florida Bay, located at the southern end of the Florida peninsula, is classically considered to have inorganic nutrient conditions that are in higher-than-Redfield ratio proportions, and high levels of organic and chemically-reduced forms of nitrogen. However, salinity, pH and nutrients, both organic and inorganic, change with changes in freshwater flows to the bay. Here, using a time series of water quality and physico-chemical conditions from 2009 to 2019, the impacts of distinct changes in managed flow, drought, El Niño-related increases in precipitation, and intensive storms and hurricanes are explored with respect to changes in water quality and resulting ecosystem effects, with a focus on understanding why picocyanobacterial blooms formed when they did. Drought produced hyper-salinity conditions that were associated with a seagrass die-off. Years later, increases in precipitation resulting from intensive storms and a hurricane were associated with high loads of organic nutrients, and declines in pH, likely due to high organic acid input and decaying organic matter, collectively leading to physiologically favorable conditions for growth of the picocyanobacterium, Synechococcus spp. These conditions, including very high concentrations of NH4+, were likely inhibiting for seagrass recovery and for growth of competing phytoplankton or their grazers. Given projected future climate conditions, and anticipated cycles of drought and intensive storms, the likelihood of future seagrass die-offs and picocyanobacterial blooms is high.

Organic soilless greenhouse systems.

This chapter discusses the organic soilless greenhouse systems. It includes topics on organic greenhouse production, organic hydroponic systems, organic hydroponic nutrients, microbial mineralization of organic nutrients for hydroponics, anaerobic and aerobic processing of organic materials, vermicast and vermicomposting, use of vermiculture liquids in hydroponics, composting for organic nutrient processing and substrate preparation, organic materials for vermicast, composting and biodigester systems, auqaponics, organic hydroponic production systems, biofilms in hydroponic systems, nutrient amendmentsorganic certification in the USA, organic pest and disease control, hybrid systems, and issues commonly encountered with organic hydroponic systems.