Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth and Properties of One Dimensional PbO and PbO/SnO2 Nanowires

PbO nanowires have been obtained via a self-catalyzed, vapor-liquid-solid mechanism and the reaction of Pb with O2 between 200°C and 300°C at 10 Pa. These had the form of tapes...

GaAs Nanowires on Si Nanopillars : Towards Large Scale, Phase-engineered Arrays.

Large-scale patterning for vapor-liquid-solid growth of III-V nanowires is a challenge given the required feature size for patterning (45 to 60nm holes). In fact, arrays are traditionally manufactured using electron-beam...

Dynamics of Monolayer Growth in Vapor–Liquid–Solid GaAs Nanowires Based on Surface Energy Minimization

The vapor–liquid–solid growth of III-V nanowires proceeds via the mononuclear regime, where only one island nucleates in each nanowire monolayer. The expansion of the monolayer is governed by the surface energetics depending on the monolayer size. Here, we study theoretically the role of surface energy in determining the monolayer morphology at a given coverage. The optimal monolayer configuration is obtained by minimizing the surface energy at different coverages for a set of energetic constants relevant for GaAs nanowires. In contrast to what has been assumed so far in the growth modeling of III-V nanowires, we find that the monolayer expansion may not be a continuous process. Rather, some portions of the already formed monolayer may dissolve on one of its sides, with simultaneous growth proceeding on the other side. These results are important for fundamental understanding of vapor–liquid–solid growth at the atomic level and have potential impacts on the statistics within the nanowire ensembles, crystal phase, and doping properties of III-V nanowires.

Thermodynamics of the Vapor–Liquid–Solid Growth of Ternary III–V Nanowires in the Presence of Silicon

Based on a thermodynamic model, we quantify the impact of adding silicon atoms to a catalyst droplet on the nucleation and growth of ternary III–V nanowires grown via the self-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid process. Three technologically relevant ternaries are studied: InGaAs, AlGaAs and InGaN. For As-based alloys, it is shown that adding silicon atoms to the droplet increases the nanowire nucleation probability, which can increase by several orders magnitude depending on the initial chemical composition of the catalyst. Conversely, silicon atoms are found to suppress the nucleation rate of InGaN nanowires of different compositions. These results can be useful for understanding and controlling the vapor–liquid–solid growth of ternary III–V nanowires on silicon substrates as well as their intentional doping with Si.