Planning and optimization of medical and pharmaceutical staff

The article provides a review of the current literature to study the issues of planning and optimization of the number of medical and pharmaceutical personnel. The Republic of Tajikistan is going through a process of restructuring of the industry, which is based on the development of family medicine with the in-depth use of stationary replacement therapy technology, reduction, and intensification of the use of bed resources, improving the quality of specialized care requires efficiency increase of the existing staff.

Seasonal and Ontogenetic Variation in Depth Use by a Critically Endangered Benthic Elasmobranch and Its Implications for Spatial Management

Seasonal and ontogenetic variations in depth use by benthic species are often concomitant with changes in their spatial distribution. This has implications for the efficacy of spatial conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs). The critically endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) is the designation feature of an MPA in Scotland. This species is generally associated with deeper waters >100 m; however, little is known about its seasonal or ontogenetic variation in habitat use. This study used archival depth data from 25 immature and mature flapper skate tagged in the MPA over multiple years. Time series ranged from 3 to 772 (mean = 246) days. Generalised additive mixed models and highest density intervals were used to identify home (95%) and core (50%) highest density depth regions (HDDRs) to quantify depth use in relation to time of year and body size. Skate used a total depth range of 1–312 m, but home HDDRs typically occurred between 20 and 225 m. Core HDDRs displayed significant seasonal and ontogenetic variations. Summer core HDDRs (100–150 m) suggest high occupancy of the deep trenches in the region by skate of most size classes. There was an inverse relationship between body size and depth use and a seasonal trend of skate moving into shallow water over winter months. These results suggest that flapper skate are not solely associated with deep water, as skate, especially large females, are frequently found in shallow waters (25–75 m). The current management, which protects the entire depth range, is appropriate for the protection of flapper skate through much of its life history. This research demonstrates why collecting data across seasonal scales and multiple ontogenetic stages is needed to assess the effectiveness of spatial management.

Distribution and ontogenetic habitat shifts of reefassociated shark species in the northeastern Caribbean

Understanding how reef-associated sharks utilise coastal reef habitats throughout their ontogeny is essential for their effective management. In this study, we assessed the distribution of sharks in the northern Caribbean Netherlands (Saba, Saba Bank and St Eustatius) and ontogenetic shifts in habitat and depth use of the 2 most observed species: Caribbean reef shark Carcharhinus perezi and nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum. We used stereo baited remote underwater video (stereo-BRUV) surveys at 376 sites. A total of 126 shark sightings (6 species) were recorded, with C. perezi (n = 72) and G. cirratum (n = 42) most frequently observed. The probability of recording at least 1 shark per deployment ranged from 0.19 to 0.37 and is comparable with shark occurrences in the small number of other stereo-BRUV studies in the Wider Caribbean Region. Habitat type was the most important factor driving reef-associated shark occurrences, with the highest probability of observing C. perezi and G. cirratum in soft-coral habitat. Additionally, occurrences of C. perezi were significantly influenced by the management zone, with highest probabilities of occurrence in no-fishing zones. Almost all observed reef-associated sharks (95.6%) were juveniles, indicating that the study area may be a nursery area. Overall, both species were observed in deeper waters with increasing size, indicating ontogenetic shifts in depth use. Our findings imply that protected areas should not be limited to a single habitat or depth, but focus on protecting a large area with the range of habitats and depths necessary for reef-associated sharks to complete their life cycle.

Interpretations of the journalistic field: A systematic analysis of how journalism scholarship appropriates Bourdieusian thought

Like many fields of communication research, journalism scholarship draws on theories from other disciplines and mostly applies social theories to make sense of journalistic practices. One theory that has gained immense popularity in recent years is Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. However, while there are now numerous studies using his concepts, we have little comprehensive understanding of how scholarship applies them. To this end, this study conducts a systematic analysis of 249 articles, using content analysis, textual analysis and citation analysis to examine how field theory is adopted and adapted, as well as who has interpretative authority in shaping Bourdieusian thought in journalism research. The findings suggest a selective in-depth use of field theory and that the appropriation of some concepts is still ambiguous. Moreover, it highlights once more the dominance of Western scholarship in the academic field.

Humanista w dobrym kontakcie, czyli o tutoringu akademickim

The aim of the article is to present the basic idea of academic tutoring. This method allows for personalized and in-depth use of experience – based and taught teaching tools by developed in modern humanities in academic teaching.

Marine temperature and depth use by anadromous Arctic char correlates to body size and diel period

Acoustic and archival telemetry were used to study the marine movements of 115 anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) at two sites in southern Labrador, Canada, in relation to daily variation in temperature and depth use, body size, and their effects on marine activity patterns. Although evidence varied between locations, Arctic char generally utilized ambient water temperatures available in the upper water column, possibly in aid of physiological processes such as digestion, whereas deeper waters were suggested to be used for feeding purposes. Size-dependent thermal preferences were evident, with larger individuals utilizing cooler water temperatures (8.5 °C) compared with smaller individuals (9.5 °C), a pattern suggestive of ontogenetic changes in thermal habitat use for the purposes of growth maximization. Diurnal patterns of diving activity were interpreted to reflect the vertical migration of prey items and (or) the visual capabilities of Arctic char. Dive duration was dependent on body size and external body temperature with smaller individuals performing shorter dives in colder water temperatures (<1 min at 5 °C) than larger fish (∼2 min at 5 °C), likely to maintain their core temperature and abilities to both effectively capture prey and avoid predation.

PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS RELATED TO THE INTERNET IN A PERSON WHO USE PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

The involvement of people who use psychoactive substances in Internet use imposes certain behavioral changes on them. The combination of thepsychopathological predispositional background in the form of emotional-volitional disorders with the phenomena inherent in the in-depth use ofthe Internet determines the development of specific behavioral patterns associated with Internet use in individuals of the studied group.The purpose of the study is to investigate and systematize pathological behavioral patterns associated with the Internet in people who use psychoactivesubstances.Material and research methods. To achieve the goal of the study, a content analysis of scientific literature and media materials was carried out, and 34 people with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances were examined (F19.2).As a result of the study, five pathological behavioral patterns associated with the Internet in individuals who use psychoactive substances were identified and described: reduction of offline communication and preference for online leisure, Internet coverage of one’s own asocial actions, change of addictive search activity from offline environment to the Internet, auto-induction of extreme drops moods with Internet content and Internet content inducing extreme behaviors.Conclusions. Internet use can lead to a specific pathological modification of the behavior of people who use psychoactive substances. Identified behavioral patterns can cause an increase in social maladaptation and act as a potentiating and supporting factor in anesthesia.