Pattern of ocular Diseases among Children under Five Years of Age in Southeast, Nigeria

Background: Children under 5 years are prone to ocular disorders which could be congenital or acquired. Early recognition of these conditions and timely intervention enhances optimum results. There is paucity of data on the pattern of ocular disorders among these children in Nigeria and this makes it difficult for policy makers to plan health systems that will target this very important group of the population. Aim: To determine the pattern of ocular diseases among children less than 5 years of age in Onitsha, Anambra state Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study of children under 5 years of age that presented to City of Refuge Specialist Eye Clinic Onitsha, Nigeria between January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2020. Their case files were retrieved and relevant information extracted. Sociodemographics, month of presentation to the eye clinic and diagnoses were analyzed. Results: A total of 133 children were studied. The patients comprised 85 (63.9%) males and 48 (36.1%) females, with an approximate male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Eye diseases seen were both congenital 32(24.1%) and acquired 101 (75.9%). Of the congenital type, 20 (62.5%) were males, while 12 (37.5%) were females. Most common ocular morbidities recorded were allergic conjunctivitis 41(30.8%) and infective conjunctivitis 34(25.6%). Conclusion: Most of the causes of ocular morbidity in this study were preventable or treatable. Therefore, early detection and management of eye diseases in children will reduce complications in later life.

Do Hispanic Patients Who Require a Medical Interpreter Understand the Severity of Their Glaucoma Diagnosis?

Background and Hypothesis: Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by a degeneration of retinal ganglion cells with characteristic changes in the visual field. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES) is the largest and most recent study to determine the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Hispanics; reported at nearly 5%. Between 2010 – 2019, Hispanic patients accounted for more than half of the United States population growth, reaching a record of 60.6 million Hispanics living in the United States. With an influx of Hispanic’s migrating to the United States, there is an increased need for medical interpreters to assist medical professionals in encounters with Hispanic patients. The success of a medical encounter relies on a multitude of factors, but when a medical interpreter is involved, the stakes are even higher. We hypothesize that Hispanic speaking patients will have lower rates of understanding their glaucoma diagnosis and severity, in comparison to English speaking patients due to gaps in translation provided by medical interpreters. Project Methods: Native Spanish and native English-speaking patients from the Eskenazi Health Eye Clinic were recruited via phone, reminding them of their upcoming eye appointment and their eligibility to participate in the study. Interested patients were provided with information regarding the study and consent materials at the start of the medical encounter. Participants who consented were administered the survey at the end of their medical encounter, in their preferred language, in person, at the clinic. Results: This is an ongoing prospective study. Potential Impact: This study will determine if medical interpreters successfully relay all the necessary information regarding a Hispanic patient’s glaucoma diagnosis. This study could also provide a partial explanation as to why there is a high no show rate and high medication noncompliance rate within the Eskenazi Health Eye Clinic Hispanic population.

Selection of Medical Therapy in Glaucoma Patients in the Outpatient Eye Clinic Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya

Highlight:Medical therapy selection in the outpatient eye clinic were determined.Treatment of prostaglandin analogue therapyfor primary open angle glaucoma was the most common glaucoma type. Abstract:Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness and the third cause of visual impairment. Glaucoma management includes medical therapy, laser, and incisions. This study aims to determine the selection of medical therapy in the outpatient eye clinic Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. This study was a retrospective descriptive study. The variables were type of glaucoma, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and drug therapy. Data processing was done by collecting, grouping, and describing data. Glaucoma was mostly common in 50-64 years old (37.66%), male (50.65%), most patients lived in Surabaya (53.68%), the most common type was Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (32.90%), the most medical therapy given in the first visit in 2019 was single medical therapy (67.97%), the most single drug therapy was latanoprost (49.68%), the most drugs combination was timolol maleat with acetazolamide (35.14%), the most commonly drugs class were prostaglandin analogues (48.48%), most of the visual acuity values were 6/6 - 6/18 (1,00 – 0,33) (37.88%), most intraocular pressure was in the 11-21 mmHg (62.55%). The most common type of glaucoma was primary open angle glaucoma with the most therapy given was prostaglandin analogue.

A seven-year analysis of the role and impact of a free community eye clinic

Background The Indiana University Student Outreach Clinic (IUSOC) Eye Clinic is a monthly student-run eye clinic that provides free visual screening to the Near East Side community of Indianapolis, IN, USA. Screening includes assessments of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, peripheral visual fields, refraction, and non-mydriatic fundus photography. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of 875 patients seen at the IUSOC Eye Clinic from October 2013 to February 2020. Data on demographics, insurance coverage, ocular history, physical examination, suspected diagnosis, referral status, and glasses provided were collected and analyzed. Results 875 patients were seen at the IUSOC Eye Clinic from October 2013 to February 2020. 39.2% of the patients seen at the clinic reported being uninsured. 61.4% of patients were found to have visual acuity of 20/40 or worse, while 51.3% of patients were found to have a near visual acuity of 20/40 or worse. 20.3% of patients were referred to the local county hospital for further evaluation by an ophthalmologist, 14.4% of patients received free glasses prescriptions, and 27.9% of patients received free reading glasses. Common reasons for referral for further ophthalmology evaluation included glaucoma, decreased visual acuity, and diabetic retinopathy. An estimated value of services provided over the seven years of the clinic was 1271 relative value units. Conclusion The IUSOC Eye Clinic fills an important role in advancing ocular health and preventing irreversible blindness in an underserved Indianapolis community. Additionally, the clinic demonstrates an educational model for involving medical student volunteers.

Comparison of patients’ satisfaction with eye care and family medicine services at a primary health centre in Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: Patient satisfaction need to be assessed to enable the health care provider assess the quality of care from the patients’ perspective. This study aimed to assess and compare the level of patient satisfaction with the two main health services (primary eye care and family medicine services) at primary health centre (PHC), Pakoto, Ifo local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria.Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 280 adult patients attending the eye clinic and family medicine clinic at the PHC, Pakoto were recruited. A structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire-the patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-III) was used. Data analysis was done using Epi Info 7.0.9.7 version.Results: The average overall mean score was higher in the eye clinic (3.7±0.4) than the family medicine clinic (3.5±0.3) and mean difference was statistically significant (p=0.004, t=-2.876). Most listed areas of dissatisfaction by respondents in the eye clinic were waiting period (17.2%) and number and visiting days of doctors (19%). However, at the family medicine clinic the most listed areas of dissatisfaction were all aspects of medical care (17.7%), electricity (17.7%) and toilet facilities (14.7%). There was significant association between income and general satisfaction (p=0.001)Conclusions: Most patients were generally satisfied with medical care at both clinics studied at the PHC, Pakoto. However, areas of dissatisfaction included waiting period, number of doctors and visiting days and provision of basic amenities. The study recommends that doctors should be encouraged to reside at the PHC, Pakoto and there should be provision of good basic amenities.

The Social-environmental Risk Factor for Conjunctivitis

BACKGROUND: Conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye disorders in the worldwide. The incidence of conjunctivitis in Indonesia reached 73% of the population. Conjunctivitis cases in Yogyakarta City have increased from year to year. AIM: This study purposed to identify the social-environmental risk factors that influence the incidence of conjunctivitis in Yogyakarta. METHODS: Design study was an observational analytic method with a case–control research design. The population study was all the patients visited at the Eye Clinic of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital and private hospital Yogyakarta in 2019. The total sample is 204 respondents who were divided into case and control. One hundred and four respondents were in a case while 100 were controlled. The case was a conjunctivitis patient treated at the Eye Clinic of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital and private hospital Yogyakarta in 2019, while the control was a non-conjunctivitis patient who went to the same two hospitals as the case respondent. Data were collected by direct interviews using a structured questionnaire covering the respondents’ demographics and social-environmental conditions. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 univariate and bivariate using Chi-square. RESULTS: The results of the bivariate analysis showed that age, the distance between the house and the river, the distance between the place and the temporary garbage dump, contacted from a close friend, the windows of the house were always opened every day as risk factors affecting the incidence of conjunctivitis. CONCLUSION: The study’s decision is the social-environmental as a risk factor for conjunctivitis in Yogyakarta.

Hemorrhagic stroke: a diagnosis guided by visual field findings

This case report outlines a patient with a hemorrhagic stroke who presented to the eye clinic with visual field loss, which the patient interpreted as blur, and a severe headache. The visual field loss consisted of an incomplete homonymous hemianopsia with an absolute superior defect, which corresponds well to the right sided temporal lobe hemorrhage found on head computed tomography (CT) scan. This case highlights the importance of all eye care providers recognizing stroke symptoms and understanding referral timelines and protocols as well as the high predictive value of visual fields.

Glaucoma in Siberia

Having processed the corresponding material of the Tomsk Eye Clinic, only 1233 pp., PI Taratin (Sib. Arch. Theor. And Kl. Med., 1926, May-June) was convinced that the greatest number of glaucomatous patients occurs at the age of 55-65 years ., although in persons younger than 30 years. this disease is not uncommon (17%).