Digital Twins by Physical Education Teaching Practice in Visual Sensing Training System

The paper expects to improve the efficiency and intelligence of somatosensory recognition technology in the application of physical education teaching practice. Firstly, the combination of induction recognition technology and the Internet is used. Secondly, through the Kinect sensor, bone data are acquired. Finally, the hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to simulate the experimental data. On the simulation results, a gait recognition algorithm is proposed. The gait recognition algorithm is used to identify the motion behaviour, and the results are displayed in the Web (World Wide Web) end built by the cloud server. Meantime, in view of the existing problems in the practice of physical education, combined with the establishment and operation of the Digital Twins (DTs) system, the camera source recognition architecture is carried out since the twin network and the two network branches share weights. This paper analyses these problems since the application of somatosensory recognition technology and puts forward the improvement methods. For the single problem of equipment in physical education, this paper puts forward the monitoring and identification function of the cloud server. It is to transmit data through Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and locate and collect data through a monitoring terminal. For the lack of comprehensiveness and balance of sports plans, this paper proposes a scientific training plan and process customization based on Body Mass Index (BMI), analyses real-time data in the cloud, and makes scientific customization plans according to different students’ physical conditions. Moreover, 25 participants are invited to carry out the exercise detection and analysis experiment, and the joint monitoring of their daily movements is tested. This process has completed the design of a feasible and accurate platform for information collection and processing, which is convenient for managers and educators to comprehensively and scientifically master and manage the physical level and training of college students. The proposed method improves the recognition rate of the camera source to some extent and has important exploration significance in the field of action recognition.

Sequential Generalized Likelihood Ratio Tests for Online Item Monitoring

The study presents statistical procedures that monitor functioning of items over time. We propose generalized likelihood ratio tests that surveil multiple item parameters and implement with various sampling techniques to perform continuous or intermittent monitoring. The procedures examine stability of item parameters across time and inform compromise as soon as they identify significant parameter shift. The performance of the monitoring procedures was validated using simulated and real assessment data. The empirical evaluation suggests that the proposed procedures perform adequately well in identifying the parameter drift. They showed satisfactory detection power and gave timely signals while regulating the error rates reasonably low. The procedures also showed superior performance when compared with the existent methods. The empirical findings suggest that multivariate parametric monitoring can provide an efficient and powerful control tool for maintaining the quality of items. The procedures allow joint monitoring of multiple item parameters and achieve sufficient power by dint of likelihood-ratio tests. Based on the findings from the empirical experimentation, we suggest some practical strategies for performing online item monitoring.

Study on the Physical Properties and Joint Evolution Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Coal

There are various complex joints (fissures), laminae, and other soft structural surfaces in the roadway enclosure, and the existence of these soft structural surfaces seriously affects the stability of the roadway enclosure. In order to study the mechanical properties of the coal body and the development of joints during coal fracture, this paper establishes a three-dimensional model of the fracture structure of the coal body based on CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction technology. On this basis, a 3D numerical model of the equivalent nodal coal body is constructed, uniaxial compression simulation analysis is performed, and the joint evolution development law of the coal sample is studied by the built-in joint monitoring program of PFC3D. The results show that the larger the effective joint area and larger the joint size inside the coal sample, the smaller the compressive strength of the coal sample. The increase of joint size and joint surface area increased the ductility and stress-strain curve multipeak phenomenon of the coal sample to some extent. During the rupture of the coal sample, the changes of each phase of the statistical curve of joint number and the phases of the stress-strain curve of the coal sample are compatible.

Development of multi-angle fiber array for accurate measurement of flexion and rotation in human joints

Herein, we have proposed a method that uses a highly stretchable and conductive fiber-based multi-angle fiber array, which precisely measures human joint motion in various degrees of freedom (flexion and rotation) at the shoulders, knees, and wrists in real time. By embedding conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within spandex fibers of high elasticity and shape recovery ratio, we monitored joint motion stably without degrading the fiber’s conductivity even during repeated stretching and contraction of different lengths. The strain occurring in a specific direction was monitored using mapping images generated due to the change in resistance that occurred when 12 CNT-embedded spandex fibers arranged in radial lines at intervals of 15° were stretched or contracted by an external force. The proposed high-precision joint-monitoring technology measures human motion accurately and is applicable for use in wearable healthcare devices that require precise measurements.

Costs of hand hygiene for all in household settings: estimating the price tag for the 46 least developed countries

IntroductionDomestic hand hygiene could prevent over 500 000 attributable deaths per year, but 6 in 10 people in least developed countries (LDCs) do not have a handwashing facility (HWF) with soap and water available at home. We estimated the economic costs of universal access to basic hand hygiene services in household settings in 46 LDCs.MethodsOur model combines quantities of households with no HWF and prices of promotion campaigns, HWFs, soap and water. For quantities, we used estimates from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. For prices, we collated data from recent impact evaluations and electronic searches. Accounting for inflation and purchasing power, we calculated costs over 2021–2030, and estimated total cost probabilistically using Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsAn estimated US$12.2–US$15.3 billion over 10 years is needed for universal hand hygiene in household settings in 46 LDCs. The average annual cost of hand hygiene promotion is US$334 million (24% of annual total), with a further US$233 million for ‘top-up’ promotion (17%). Together, these promotion costs represent US$0.47 annually per head of LDC population. The annual cost of HWFs, a purpose-built drum with tap and stand, is US$174 million (13%). The annual cost of soap is US$497 million (36%) and water US$127 million (9%).ConclusionThe annual cost of behavioural change promotion to those with no HWF represents 4.7% of median government health expenditure in LDCs, and 1% of their annual aid receipts. These costs could be covered by mobilising resources from across government and partners, and could be reduced by harnessing economies of scale and integrating hand hygiene with other behavioural change campaigns where appropriate. Innovation is required to make soap more affordable and available for the poorest households.

Joint Monitoring and Analysis of Sea Fog Using Dual Visibility Lidar in Ningbo, China

Visibility lidar has obvious monitoring advantages over forward scatter visibility sensors or fog droplet spectrometers; it can measure visibility information over a large area. In 2021, two visibility lidar instruments (1064 or 532 nm wavelengths) were installed in Beilun, Ningbo Zhoushan Port, to monitor sea fog. Comparing their monitoring data to those of forward scatter visibility sensors and a fog droplet spectrometer revealed that the visibility lidar instruments could obtain energy progress information section-by-section in the monitoring path, and could directly reflect sea fog changes. The 1064 nm lidar outperformed the 532 nm lidar regarding sea fog detection. The effective detection range decreased significantly with decreasing visibility; the reliability decreased in low-visibility, uneven atmospheres. In a low-visibility but uniform atmosphere, however, lidar data corresponded well with forward dispersion data. The 532 nm and 1064 nm lidar data sometimes differed at the same monitoring position owing to differing heights and particle reflection angles. During a sea fog event on May 9, 2021, the maximum droplet concentration was 14 cm−3, the maximum liquid water content was 0.21 g·m−3, and the maximum equivalent diameter was 49 μm. The formation of this sea fog was dominated by large particles.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene in healthcare centres: appraisal in a pandemic

Assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs) and water source quality in parts of Southwestern Nigeria was conducted. Sixty-one PHCs in urban and rural areas were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A WASH profile of the PHCs was conducted based on the water source type, type of toilet facilities, and handwashing practice using the Joint Monitoring Programme service ladder for monitoring WASH services in healthcare facilities. Water sources were tested for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, chloride, nitrate, and E. coli. Boreholes and hand-dug wells are the most prevalent water source type, and flush toilets and pit latrines are the major types of toilet facilities used. All but two PHCs engaged in handwashing practices. Water quality analysis results showed that chloride, nitrate, and turbidity were within the WHO drinking-water standards. Poor water quality and sanitation practices could expose health staff and patients to healthcare-associated infections. The study recommends the construction of safe, secure and accessible water sources and toilet facilities, provision of water treatment facilities, and the training of staff and patients on the significance of handwashing practices.

FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION AS A CONDITION FOR THE LEGAL ESTABLISHMENT OF LOCAL DEMOCRACY IN UKRAINE

In the article, the author explores the problem of combating corruption in Ukraine, which affects the legal formation of local democracy, drawing attention to the direct relationship between these processes. A vicious circle has been created in Ukrainian society where corruption undermines democratic institutions, in turn, weak democratic institutions are unable to control corruption. It is obvious that an important factor in the unresolved nature of this problem is the anti-corruption strategies of recent years, which have not been able to significantly affect the current state of affairs. This article offers an analysis of anti-corruption strategies of previous years and the draft law on anti-corruption strategy for 2021-2025, which aims to prevent and eliminate corruption in Ukraine. In turn, an effective anti-corruption fight would promote the development of the institution of local democracy, its forms such as elections, advisory bodies to the authorities, public hearings, conferences, public discussions, cooperation of public institutions and authorities at the regional and interregional level, financial participation in projects, programs and activities of the state and citizens, joint monitoring of public opinion and conducting polls, sociological research, the institute of formation of civic competencies, feedback of information exchange, etc. Despite the long history of the development of legal mechanisms of the state aimed at overcoming corruption, there is no deep understanding in the domestic political science of the relationship between the concept of local democracy and the level of corruption. There is a noticeable lack of work that examines the relationship between corruption and the development of the institution of local democracy, which would contain an analysis of the problems of local democracy through the prism of the level of corruption and the activities of anti-corruption bodies in Ukraine. Considering the problem from this angle, we can better understand the essence of the changes that the European Ukrainian state needs.