Bat Calls of Britain and Europe

A comprehensive guide to the calls of the 44 species of bat currently known to occur in Europe. Following on from the popular British Bat Calls by Jon Russ, this new book draws on the expertise of more than forty specialist authors to substantially update all sections, further expanding the volume to include sound analysis and species identification of all European bats. Aimed at volunteers and professional alike, topics include the basics of sound, echolocation in bats, an introduction to acoustic communication, equipment used and call analysis. For each species, detailed information is given on distribution, emergence, flight and foraging behaviour, habitat, echolocation calls – including parameters of common measurements – and social calls. Calls are described for both heterodyne and time expansion/full spectrum systems. A simple but complete echolocation guide to all species is provided for beginners, allowing them to analyse call sequences and arrive at the most likely species or group. The book also includes access to a downloadable library of over 450 calls presented as sonograms in the species sections.

THE ORIGIN OF A NEW RELATIVITY NO SENSE OF EINSTEIN’S PRINCIPLES OF RELATIVITY

Based on the analysis of “The contraction of time under the action of a gravi- tational field, in different references at rest”, we conclude that space does not contract. In view of the result obtained, we were obliged to analyze the found- ing principles of Einstein’s theory of relativity, the dilation of time and the con- traction of space, the two principles, structural pillars of the whole theory of relativity. We found problems in the model regarding the relativity of time in the direc- tion of displacement. It is proposed for the calculation of time in the stopped frame the contraction of time in the moving frame which is contrary to the model. We also analyzed Michelson-Morley’s experience and concluded that it does not respect the principle of time expansion for a K in the direction of dis- placement. Finally, we decided to look with double attention to the meaning of the expression of time dilation, concluding once again that space does not heal and that the principle to be retained is the constancy of space covered by ”light” in the equivalent times of all reference frames. We conclude that we have a new way of looking at physics, which will give rise to a new theory of relativity.

Plastome analysis unveils Inverted Repeat (IR) expansion and positive selection in Sea Lavenders (Limonium, Plumbaginaceae, Limonioideae, Limonieae)

The genus Limonium, commonly known as Sea Lavenders, is one of the most species-rich genera of the family Plumbaginaceae. In this study, two new plastomes for the genus Limonium, viz. L. tetragonum and L. bicolor, were sequenced and compared to available Limonium plastomes, viz. L. aureum and L. tenellum, to understand the gene content and structural variations within the family. The loss of the rpl16 intron and pseudogenisation of rpl23 was observed. This study reports, for the first time, expansion of the IRs to include the ycf1 gene in Limonium plastomes, incongruent with previous studies. Two positively selected genes, viz. ndhF and ycf2, were identified. Furthermore, putative barcodes are proposed for the genus, based on the nucleotide diversity of four Limonium plastomes.

Latent heat and pressure gap at the first order deconfining phase transition of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory using the small flow-time expansion method

We study latent heat and pressure gap between the hot and cold phases at the first order deconfining phase transition temperature of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. Performing simulations on lattices with various spatial volumes and lattice spacings, we calculate the gaps of the energy density and pressure using the small flow time expansion (SFtX) method. We find that the latent heat Δ ε in the continuum limit is Δ ε /T4 = 1.117 ± 0.040 for the aspect ratio Ns/Nt = 8 and 1.349 ± 0.038 for Ns/Nt = 6 at the transition temperature T = T c. We also confirm that the pressure gap is consistent with zero, as expected from the dynamical balance of two phases at Tc. From hysteresis curves of the energy density near Tc, we show that the energy density in the (metastable) deconfined phase is sensitive to the spatial volume, while that in the confined phase is insensitive. Furthermore, we examine the effect of alternative procedures in the SFtX method — the order of the continuum and the vanishing flow time extrapolations, and also the renormalization scale and higher order corrections in the matching coefficients. We confirm that the final results are all well consistent with each other for these alternatives.

Dark Energy and Cosmological Model

Today the space of our universe is filled with invisible stuff matter which expanding under the action of gravity which was dark matter. In 1990’s astronomical observation and theoretical calculation was leading astrophysicists to believe that not only the dark matter but also there is vacuum empty space filled in universe that is dark energy. It is suggested that the apparently disparate cosmological phenomenon attributed to so called “dark matter” and dark energy arise from quantum level of space -time itself. This creation of space time results in metric expansion. A recent modification of Einstein’s theory of general relativity by Chadwick, Hodgkinson and McDonald incorporate space time expansion. Recent evidence predicts that apparent amount of dark matter increases with age of universe. In addition proposal leads to the same result for the small but non-vanishing cosmological constant, related to dark energy.

Institute for Art Criticism within the system of culture of USSR of the 1930’s

This article examines concentration of art around literature that resulted from Soviet cultural policy of 1930’s. The key role in this process was played by literary criticism. Based on the material of literature it attempted to develop universal criteria, which could later serve for assessing any types of art. Some of the authors defended the distinctness of approaches to various arts, but unification in accordance with literary pattern was more seemed more effective. In this context, an illustrative example is cinematography – a young and institutional but yet not well-established art without its own theoretical framework. The main research method is the comparative analysis of rare periodical materials. The scientific novelty of this work consist in circumstantiation of the widespread cultural processes of Stalin’s USSR: focus of all arts on the literature, but at the same time, expansion of the panorama of literary criticism and self-reflection. If in the 1920’s, film directors were actively engages in the theory of cinematography, in the 1930’s it became prerogative of the critics.