The development of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their common features

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since December 2019. There is a great demand for effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Developing therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), which could block viral infection, issuch a promising approach, as NAbs have been successfully applied to the treatment of other viral infections. The recent advances of antibody technology have greatly accelerated the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs, and many of which are now actively tested in clinical trials. Here, we review the approaches applied for SARS-CoV-2 NAb development, and discuss the emerging technologies underlining the antibody discovery. We further summarize the common features of these antibodies including the shared neutralizing epitopes and sequence features.

Options for COVID-19 therapeutics: Aerosolized inhalation antibody-conjugated Nano particles.

The world is currently faced with a very serious crisis to deal with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19) pandemic which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread throughout the world, wreaking havoc in many countries. Several efforts are being made to control the spread of the disease around the world and to find a cure or vaccine. As researchers frantically endeavor to identify remedies for covid19, there is the need to identify therapies that offer the quickest, safest actions and remedies that are relatively cheap. We propose the use of aerosolized inhalation antibody conjugated nanoparticles for the treatment of covid-19. It is hypothesized in this proposal that the conjugation of nanoparticles with antibodies and delivering the antibody-nanoparticle conjugate as an aerosol via the respiratory tract would provide the quickest and possibly more efficient and relatively cheap remedy against covid-19. The advantage of the inhalation route for delivering antibody conjugated nanoparticles is that since the medication is delivered directly to the affected site, higher doses will be delivered to the site with reduced systemic toxicity and reduced adverse effects on gaseous exchange. Our hypothesis is based on the current knowledge and observations in the areas of monoclonal antibody technology, advances in nanotechnology and Nano medicine as well as advances in inhalation therapeutics.

A direct role for SNX9 in the biogenesis of filopodia

Filopodia are finger-like actin-rich protrusions that extend from the cell surface and are important for cell–cell communication and pathogen internalization. The small size and transient nature of filopodia combined with shared usage of actin regulators within cells confounds attempts to identify filopodial proteins. Here, we used phage display phenotypic screening to isolate antibodies that alter the actin morphology of filopodia-like structures (FLS) in vitro. We found that all of the antibodies that cause shorter FLS interact with SNX9, an actin regulator that binds phosphoinositides during endocytosis and at invadopodia. In cells, we discover SNX9 at specialized filopodia in Xenopus development and that SNX9 is an endogenous component of filopodia that are hijacked by Chlamydia entry. We show the use of antibody technology to identify proteins used in filopodia-like structures, and a role for SNX9 in filopodia.

Bio-assay of the non-amidated progastrin-derived peptide (G17-Gly) using the tailor-made recombinant antibody fragment and phage display method: a biomedical analysis

In this research, four novel and sensitive immunosensors for electrochemical determination of G17-Gly were designed based on signal amplification and tailor-made recombinant antibody technology.