A new karst-dwelling, colorful pitviper (Viperidae: Trimeresurus) from northern Peninsular Thailand

We describe a colorful and distinctively patterned, karst-dwelling pitviper, Trimeresurus kuiburi sp. nov., from the isolated, coastal massif of Khao Sam Roi Yot in Kui Buri District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, in northern Peninsular Thailand. The new species, member of the ‘Cryptelytrops group’ sensu Malhotra & Thorpe (2004) and morphologically and genetically allied to Trimeresurus kanburiensis and T. venustus, differs from all pitviper taxa by a combination of red/purple bands on a green dorsum; a white concave suborbital stripe in males (straight and less visible in females); white, spaced vertebral dots in males (absent in females); pale green belly lacking dark dots or stripe on the lateral sides of the ventrals; partially fused first supralabial and nasal scale; 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody; 164–171 ventrals; 63–65 subcaudals in males, 51–53 in females; maximal known SVL of 451 mm; and long, papillose hemipenes.

POLLEN ATAU SERBUK SARI : ASPEK MORFOLOGI, SISTEMATIKA DAN APLIKASINYA PADA TUMBUHAN KELUARGA MENTOL

Pollen Powder or Sari : Aspects of Morphology, Systematics and Application on Menthol Family Plant Pollen is the important component of plant to develop through reproductive. Pollen is the male organ of plants that plays an important role in the process of the evolution of plants. Menthol family plants (the Family Lamiaceae) is one of biggest families after Asteraceae. The process of the cross breeding often dominates the process of the evolution to the ment al Family. The research on the menthol Family's pollen aimed to know the affinity and the process of his pollination. The form of pollen of the Family Lamiaceae, was round and hexacolpate, the form was the same as the species member with their relatives. In the process of pollination often helped by the bee where pollen that clung to the abdomen part and the chest of the bee and moved to the other flower where the cross-pollination happen. The process of the cross-pollination happened also because of the same of maturity time between pollen of male and the stigma surface of female. The seed was still being the dominant factor in the reproductive in the Family Lamiaceae. Key words : Pollen, Pollination, Lamiaceae, the Mint family, the bee, the seed Abstrak Serbuk sari atau dikenal dengan pollen merupakan komponen penting tanaman untuk berkembang melalui reproduktif. Serbuk sari merupakan organ jantan pada tumbuhan yang berperan penting dalam proses evolusi tumbuhan. Tumbuhan Keluarga Mentol (Famili Lamiaceae) merupakan salah satu Famili yang terbesar setelah Asteraceae. Proses perkawinan silang banyak mendominasi proses evolusi pada Keluarga Mentol. Penelitian terhadap serbuk sari Keluarga Mentol bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekerabatan dan proses penyerbukannya. Bentuk morfologi serbuk sari pada Famili Lamiaceae, yaitu bulat dan heksakolpat (hexacolpate), bentuk yang sama dengan jenis – jenis anggota Famili Lamiaceae. Pada proses penyerbukan banyak dibantu oleh lebah dimana pollen yang menempel pada bagian perut dan dada lebah penyerbuk dan berpindah pada bunga yang lain sehingga terjadi penyerbukan silang. Proses penyerbukan silang terjadi juga karena adanya waktu pemasakan yang sama antara serbuk sari sebagai organ jantan dan kepala putik sebagai organ betina. Biji masih merupakan faktor yang dominan pada perbanyakan Famili Lamiaceae.Kata kunci : Serbuk sari, Pollen, Lamiaceae, Keluarga Mentol, Lebah, biji.

Perceiving Socially and Morally: The Question of Triangulation

One evolutionary advantage is that, because of sensory and perceptual relativity (acknowledged as an empirical fact), the tracking of portions of the real relevant to the living creature can be enhanced if updating from species-member to species-member can take place. In human perception, the structure is therefore in the form of a triangulation (Davidson's metaphor) in which continual mutual correction can be performed. Language, that which distinguishes human beings from other animals, capitalizes on that structure. The means by which updating of adaptiveness takes place in the human species is shown to involve a covert hypothesis of singularity in co-reference, a structure that brings the idea of mutual faith and its character to the fore.