Predicting the Efficiency and Success Rate of Programming Courses in MOOC Using Machine Learning Approach for Future Employment in the IT Industry

Modern businesses and jobs in demand have witnessed the requirement of programming skills in candidates, for example, business analyst, database administrator, software engineer, software developer, and many more. Programming courses are a very influential and important part of forming the future of the IT industry. Throughout the recent years, a substantial amount of research has been conducted to improve the programming novices, but the problems are returning in every new generation and reporting high failure rates. The dataset used in this study is the ‘CodeChef competition' dataset and the ‘Coursera' dataset. Firstly, this research work conducts the preview analysis to understand the performance of learners in programming languages. Secondly, this work proposes a clear rationale between the popularity of MOOC courses and low completion rates. There is increasingly high enrolment in MOOC courses but with non-ideal completion rates. Finally, it builds the machine learning model and validates the accuracy of the trained model.

Convergence in infinitary term graph rewriting systems is simple

Term graph rewriting provides a formalism for implementing term rewriting in an efficient manner by emulating duplication via sharing. Infinitary term rewriting has been introduced to study infinite term reduction sequences. Such infinite reductions can be used to model non-strict evaluation. In this paper, we unify term graph rewriting and infinitary term rewriting thereby addressing both components of lazy evaluation: non-strictness and sharing. In contrast to previous attempts to formalise infinitary term graph rewriting, our approach is based on a simple and natural generalisation of the modes of convergence of infinitary term rewriting. We show that this new approach is better suited for infinitary term graph rewriting as it is simpler and more general. The latter is demonstrated by the fact that our notions of convergence give rise to two independent canonical and exhaustive constructions of infinite term graphs from finite term graphs via metric and ideal completion. In addition, we show that our notions of convergence on term graphs are sound w.r.t. the ones employed in infinitary term rewriting in the sense that convergence is preserved by unravelling term graphs to terms. Moreover, the resulting infinitary term graph calculi provide a unified framework for both infinitary term rewriting and term graph rewriting, which makes it possible to study the correspondences between these two worlds more closely.

The predicate completion of a partial information system

Originally, partial information systems were introduced as a means of providing a representation of the Smyth powerdomain in terms of order convex substructures of an information-based structure. For every partial information system 𝕊, there is a new partial information system that is natrually induced by the principal lowersets of the consistency predicate for 𝕊. In this paper, we show that this new system serves as a completion of the parent system 𝕊 in two ways. First, we demonstrate that the induced system relates to the parent system 𝕊 in much the same way as the ideal completion of the consistency predicate for 𝕊 relates to the consistency predicate itself. Second, we explore the relationship between this induced system and the notion of D-completions for posets. In particular, we show that this induced system has a “semi-universal” property in the category of partial information systems coupled with the preorder analog of Scott-continuous maps that is induced by the universal property of the D-completion of the principal lowersets of the consistency predicate for the parent system 𝕊.

θ-continuity and Dθ-completion of posets

We introduce a new concept of continuity of posets, called θ-continuity. Topological characterizations of θ-continuous posets are put forward. We also present two types of dcpo-completion of posets which are Dθ-completion and Ds2-completion. Connections between these notions of continuity and dcpo-completions of posets are investigated. The main results are (1) a poset P is θ-continuous iff its θ-topology lattice is completely distributive iff it is a quasi θ-continuous and meet θ-continuous poset iff its Dθ-completion is a domain; (2) the Dθ-completion of a poset B is isomorphic to a domain L iff B is a θ-embedded basis of L; (3) if a poset P is θ-continuous, then the Dθ-completion Dθ(P) is isomorphic to the round ideal completion RI(P, ≪θ).

The space of formal balls and models of quasi-metric spaces

In this paper we study quasi-metric spaces using domain theory. Our main objective in this paper is to study the maximal point space problem for quasi-metric spaces. Here we prove that quasi-metric spaces that satisfy certain completeness properties, such as Yoneda and Smyth completeness, can be modelled by continuous dcpo's. To achieve this goal, we first study the partially ordered set of formal balls (BX, ⊑) of a quasi-metric space (X, d). Following Edalat and Heckmann, we prove that the order properties of (BX, ⊑) are tightly connected to topological properties of (X, d). In particular, we prove that (BX, ⊑) is a continuous dcpo if (X, d) is algebraic Yoneda complete. Furthermore, we show that this construction gives a model for Smyth-complete quasi-metric spaces. Then, for a given quasi-metric space (X, d), we introduce the partially ordered set of abstract formal balls (BX, ⊑, ≺). We prove that if the conjugate space (X, d−1) of a quasi-metric space (X, d) is right K-complete, then the ideal completion of (BX, ⊑, ≺) is a model for (X, d). This construction provides a model for any Yoneda-complete quasi-metric space (X, d), as well as the Sorgenfrey line, Kofner plane and Michael line.

Violence and Heterogeneity

This article begins with a response to Habermas’ critique of Bataille. Habermas argues that the realm of heterogeneity/transgression is only opened up in moments of shock which overwhelm the subject. The rational categories of thought which maintain a useful relationship with the outside (i.e., with anything construed as unfamiliar) are fragmented in the excess and horror of Bataille’s communication. Hence it is impossible to bring together under one theoretical umbrella the antitheses of subjectivity and its excluded other: by definition the other ought to be marginalized in its very objectification by the subject, normativity, rationality, etc. My response is that the two opposed terms/antitheses are indeed opposed, but they are not therefore abstract opposites. That is to say, the subject is always already an equivocation of terms, a kind of sacrilege which cannot be assimilated to an ideal completion. The law is itself a transgression.