Science as an interdisciplinary instrument for learning in high school - for a freirean epistemology (a curricular analysis of the high school classes of the College of Imaculada Conceição) / A ciência enquanto instrumento interdisciplinar para a aprendizagem no ensino médio – por uma epistemologia freireana (uma análise curricular das turmas do ensino médio do Colégio da Imaculada Conceição)

Science (from Latin scientia, "knowledge") or systematic practice. It is a product derived from systematized searches, so a method is required. For Lakatos (2011), it is the systematization of knowledge, a grouping of logically related prepositions on the behavior of certain phenomena that one intends to study. Interdisciplinarity serves asa link between the curricular components of a school institution, so it is a model with a new division ofknowledge, allows interaction, communication between disciplines seeking to integrate knowledge in a harmonious and meaningful way. Therefore, with this fusion of curricular knowledge, an important, scientific community is formed that provides high school with a quality in the learning process and, finally, the production of knowledge. By epistemology (it is the right knowledge, science. Logos: speech, study. It's the philosophy of science.) freirean, it is critical, of interactionist basis, in which knowledge results from constructions of the subject with interaction with the world, society or culture. It is in this epistemology that dialogicity occurs, there is a process of constant construction in which the epistemic subject teaches and learns, learns and teaches. It is in high school, this school stage in which adolescents study, the presence of science permeating, instrumentalizing and boosting knowledge in classes and causing learning within the curriculum.

Blended Counselling as a Solution for the Development of Mental Health and Understanding Herd immunity for Society

The Covid-19 (C-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of individuals around the world. Society needs an end to the C-19 pandemic through the state of its herd immunity (HI). Significant roles counsellors in developing herd immunity and then mental health with a blended counselling strategy. This paper aims to design a counselling mix to create mental health and an understanding of herd immunity in the community. The results of the community data are fear, anxiety, anger, insomnia, and prolonged stress as a form of mental health of the community because it is socially and economically constrained. The length of time for the formation of herd immunity to prevent the C-19 pandemic is because people are worried and doubtful about vaccinations so that vaccines appear or do not trust. Significant roles counsellors in the formation of mental health through integrated counselling The implementation of face-to-face and online counselling allows the community to be more flexible and intensive according to conditions in the construction of mental health C-19 pandemic condition and post-C-19 preparations. Blended counselling as an intervention for the community in understanding herd immunity as a form supported the end of the C-19 pandemic. Integrated counselling requires the joint efforts of various relevant organizations for the science and practice of psychotherapy, psychiatry, and counsellor.

Origins of Family Policy: Prerequisites or Diffusion

Various instruments to protect families with children from the consequences of industrialization have been introduced in modernizing nation-states at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. The global adoption of family policies, such as maternity leave, family allowances, and childcare facilities, followed a wide array of patterns. After being introduced by pioneering countries, some programs spread rapidly throughout Europe, some reached the peripheries of colonial empires and others were only introduced by the newly established nation-states populating world society after decolonization. We provide the first analysis of the disparate origins and spread of family policies, identifying the networks that facilitate their diffusion.

Zusammenhalts-Regionen – zur Theorie der Weltgesellschaft in der Sozialgeographie

The essay combines the concept of social cohesion with Rudolf Stichweh's system-theoretical concept of world society. These two approaches are joint hereafter with questions of spatial differentiation. The aim is to embed empirical micro-studies in macro-theoretical terms and to make them useful for empirical research in social geography. The construct of “cohesive region” demonstrates this by using the example of neighbourhoods.

The dialectics of universalism and particularism: World society, religious traditions, and women’s political representation, 1960–2013

This study develops a model of macro-cultural identity inspired by the work of George Herbert Mead. The model puts world society theory, which emphasizes the homogenizing effects of ‘world culture,’ into conversation with civilization-analytic perspectives, which contend that religious and civilizational differences grow increasingly salient over time. The author regards these approaches as dialectically co-implicated. To test the model, the article analyzes cross-cultural heterogeneity in the effects of world society linkages on women’s share of parliamentary seats between 1960 and 2013. Countries are grouped into cultural zones based primarily on religious composition and secondarily on geographical region. The results generally support world society theory. Contrary to civilization-analytic perspectives, cultural resistance to women’s representation is most pronounced early but fades over time. Despite overall increases in women’s representation, there is little cross-cultural convergence, giving rise to improvement without isomorphism. The study concludes with a refined model of world society effects.

Is Sport Sustainable?—It Depends!

Is sport sustainable? Could sport be sustainable? Is there hope? The short answer is: it depends. This article discusses the six most essential issues on which answers to the questions above depend. First, it depends on what we already know about sport and sustainability. Second, it depends on how we observe or define sport and sustainability, respectively. Third, it depends on the ontology and epistemology on which the definitions and theories are based. Fourth, it depends on how we describe and explain the relationships and dependencies between sport, society and the environment. Fifth, it depends on how historical and sociological theories describe and explain how societies and civilizations operate, develop and eventually collapse. Sixth, it depends on whether we believe is it possible to plan and steer the future. These conditions indicate that the questions are challenging to answer but not impossible. Based on sociological systems theory, the author concludes that sport will not be sustainable unless modernity changes into a different kind of society—a world society that operates and governs from the binary code of sustainable/unsustainable instead of today's statal code of power/powerless.