Algorithm for Estimation of Signal Carrier Frequency by Distributed Sync Combination, Optimal According to the Criterion of the Minimum Mean Square Error

An algorithm for accurate estimation of the carrier frequency, which is optimal by the criterion of the min-imum mean square error, is developed which is implemented using relatively short sync combinations distributed over the duration of the packet. The results of the dependence of the accuracy of estimating the carrier frequency on the level of channel noise are presented. Analytical expressions are obtained for an accurate estimate of the frequency and phase errors obtained on the basis of sufficiently short sync combinations. The results of simulation are demon-strated. The research results can be used in satellite radio links with packet data transmission.

An enhanced energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network

Recent few years, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been an increasingly important technology that has been applied in almost all domains, even in complex environments where human activity is impossible. In WSN, various factors are impacted energy consumption, such as communication protocols, packet data transmission, and limited battery. So, the lifespan of the WSNs is limited. In this context, energy efficiency is the factor most attracted by many researchers. In this paper, we proposed a new improved LEACH routing protocol. This proposed protocol based on the current energy to select cluster-heads, and it uses a root cluster-head with more current energy and low distance to the sink to gather all data, then sends it to the sink. The simulation results in MATLAB confirmed that the proposed algorithm performed better than the conventional LEACH protocol, and increased the network lifetime in WSN.

Spline-Extrapolation Method in Traffic Forecasting in 5G Networks

This paper considers the problem of predicting self-similar traffic with a significant number of pulsations and the property of long-term dependence, using various spline functions. The research work focused on the process of modeling self-similar traffic handled in a mobile network. A splineextrapolation method based on various spline functions (linear, cubic and cubic B-splines) is proposed to predict selfsimilar traffic outside the period of time in which packet data transmission occurs. Extrapolation of traffic for short- and long-term forecasts is considered. Comparison of the results of the prediction of self-similar traffic using various spline functions has shown that the accuracy of the forecast can be improved through the use of cubic B-splines. The results allow to conclude that it is advisable to use spline extrapolation in predicting self-similar traffic, thereby recommending this method for use in practice in solving traffic prediction-related problems.

Using spline-extrapolation in the research of self-similar traffic characteristics

The problem of predicting self-similar traffic is considered, the solution of which modeling of self-similar traffic was performed using the Simulink software package in MATLAB environment. For the simulation, the queuing system WB/M/1/K with Weibull distribution was used. The use of the spline-extrapolation method made it possible to predict self-similar traffic outside the considered period of time on which packet data transmission is considered. Extrapolation of traffic for short-term and long-term forecasts is considered. Comparison of the results of the prediction of self-similar traffic using various spline functions has shown that the accuracy of the forecast can be improved through the use of cubic splines. A method is proposed for estimating the error of traffic prediction for each variant of traffic forecasting using linear, cubic splines. The results of the research will allow you to perform effective traffic management with the support of quality characteristics, by providing the required parameters of network hardware and software in order to avoid overloads in the network.