PYOTRAUMATIC DERMATITIS IN DOGS

Resume The most informative methods of diagnosing dermatological diseases in dogs are a clinical study of the skin and its derivatives, and to identify the main etiological factor, dermatological tests are used to identify signs of ectoparasitosis. In the treatment of pyotraumatic dermatitis in dogs, after eliminating the effects of the main etiological factor, the most effective is the use of janus kinase inhibitors against the background of local and systemic antibacterial therapy.

To the etiology of early and late postpartum hemorrhage

There is no consensus about the causes of early postpartum hemorrhage. V. Ya Ilkevich, V. N. Aleksandrovsky and N. Ye. Kaplun considered the delay in the uterus of the particles of the child's place to be the main etiological factor. On the contrary, GG Genter and KK Skrobansky attached great importance to other factors (inferiority of the myometrium, delay in the uterus of the compact layer of the decidua).

BIOCORROSION AS NA ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF NON-CARIOUS LESIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Aim: The present study aimed to carry out a literature review about biocorrosion as an etiological factor of non-carious lesions and dentin hypersensitivity. Method: The bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL)databases, selecting articles published from 2015 to 2020, available in full text, in Portuguese and English, and related to the proposed theme. Results: In the studies included, it was observed that substances with low pH, high titratable acidity, some lifestyles, and occupational habits are factors that can directly interfere with dental demineralization. As a consequence of this process, non-carious lesions and dental hypersensitivity have increased their incidence. Conclusion: The main sources of acids that attack dental structure are food and beverages and endogenous acids of gastric content. Thus, it must be considered themultifactorial character of this process and the association with other etiological factors, such as tension and friction in the development of non-carious lesions, aiming to restore oral health to the patient.

The choice of antibacterial drugs in dentistry taking into account the oral microbiome

The article presents modern data on the features of the oral microbiome and its medical significance when prescribing systemic antibacterial therapy for infectious and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. The main microbial associations in normal conditions, as well as in diseases of periodontal tissues and apical periodontitis are presented. The use of antibacterial drugs in dentistry is aimed at eliminating the etiological factor of the pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity. The effectiveness of the treatment depends on how well the doctor aware of the main pathogens and microbial associations in generalized periodontitis, periodontitis, a choice of optimal antibacterial agent, compliance with indications and contraindications upon treatment.

Possible role of HPV/EBV coinfection in anoikis resistance and development in prostate cancer

Background This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) coinfection as an etiological factor for prostate cancer (PCa) development. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 67 patients with PCa and 40 control subjects. The expression levels of cellular and viral factors involved in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis were quantified, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Results The EBV/HPV coinfection was reported in 14.9% of patients in the case group and 7.5% of the control subjects. The high-risk types of HPV, that is, HPV 16 and HPV 18, were responsible for 50 and 30% of HPV/EBV-coinfected PCa cases (n = 10), respectively. No significant relationship was observed between PCa and HPV/EBV coinfection (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 0.18–45.2, P = 0.31). However, the highest percentage of HPV genome integration was found in the HPV/EBV-coinfected PCa group (8/10; 80%). Also, the mean expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, VEGF, ROS, and RNS), anti-apoptotic mediators (Bcl-2 and survivin), and anti-anoikis factors (Twist and N-cadherin) were significantly higher in the HPV/EBV-coinfected PCa group, compared to the non-coinfected PCa cases. Nevertheless, the tumor-suppressor proteins (p53 and pRb) and E-cadherin (inhibitor of anoikis resistance) showed significant downregulations in the HPV/EBV-coinfected PCa group, compared to the non-coinfected PCa cases. Conclusion The HPV/EBV coinfection may be an etiological factor for PCa through modulation of cellular behaviors.

An uncommon etiological factor for aspiration pneumonitis caused by spontaneous sphenoid sinus meningoencephalocele with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a case report

Background Aspiration pneumonitis is an inflammatory disease of the lungs which is difficult to diagnose accurately. Large-volume aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric contents is essential for the development of aspiration pneumonitis. The role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is often underestimated as a rare etiological factor for aspiration in the diagnosis process of aspiration pneumonitis. Case presentation We present a case of a patient with 4 weeks of right-sided watery rhinorrhea accompanied by intermittent postnasal drip and dry cough as the main symptoms. Combined with clinical symptoms, imaging examination of the sinuses, and laboratory examination of nasal secretions, she was initially diagnosed as spontaneous sphenoid sinus meningoencephalocele with CSF rhinorrhea, and intraoperative endoscopic findings and postoperative pathology also confirmed this diagnosis. Her chest computed tomography showed multiple flocculent ground glass density shadows in both lungs on admission. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of meningoencephalocele and repair of skull base defect after she was ruled out of viral pneumonitis. Symptoms of rhinorrhea and dry cough disappeared, and pneumonitis was improved 1 week after surgery and cured 2 months after surgery. Persistent CSF rhinorrhea caused by spontaneous sphenoid sinus meningoencephalocele was eventually found to be a major etiology for aspiration pneumonitis although the absence of typical symptoms and well-defined risk factors for aspiration, such as dysphagia, impaired cough reflex and reflux diseases. Conclusions We report a rare case of aspiration pneumonitis caused by spontaneous sphenoid sinus meningoencephalocele with CSF rhinorrhea, which can bring more attention and understanding to the uncommon etiology for aspiration, so as to make more accurate diagnosis of the disease and early surgical treatment.

Maxillary sinusitis of tumoral origin

We present a retrospective study, which was performed on a batch of 177 patients diagnosed with maxillary sinusitis, selected from the total number of patients with OMF disorders during 2017-2018. The patients were examined and treated at the Department of Emergency Medicine of the Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau. The article contains statistical data on maxillary sinusitis and the breakdown by age, sex, profession, etiology, addressability, place of life, hospitalization, causal tooth and treatment methods. Results: Out of the total number of 3227 patients with OMF, maxillary sinusitis (5.48%) was established for 177 patients. The majority of the patients 52.54% are from Chisinau. The most affected are the patients aged 31-40 years, constituting 26.56%, the majority being male persons 63.27%. Admission by itself to the medical institution prevailed for 74.01% of the cases by itself, and the medical insurance was presented for 77.97%. Hospitalization of patients ranged from 1-5 days for 55.35%. The frequency of teeth involved in the inflammatory processes of the sinus was 41.78% cases, of which 1st molar prevails with 23.16%, thus being an etiological factor. As a surgical treatment of maxillary sinusitis in the section of oro-maxillo-facial surgery, radical cure is used for 58.75% cases.