“Why Do We Buy Green Products?” An Extended Theory of the Planned Behavior Model for Green Product Purchase Behavior

Many consumers are concerned about environmental issues and have expressed interest in purchasing green products. However, actual sales of green products are still not as high as expected. Therefore, marketers of green products may need to investigate the factors driving green purchase behaviors. In this study, we proposed an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model that links consumers’ environmental concerns, perceived image of the company, consumer innovativeness, and environmental knowledge with green product purchase behavior. We applied a quantitative approach to collect the data via online questionnaires through Amazon MTurk. With 974 useable samples, the data were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS. The results showed that green purchase intention positively and significantly affects green purchase behavior. Moreover, the multigroup analysis revealed that the direct influence of green purchase intention on green purchase behavior is higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Regarding the direct effect on green purchase intention, attitude toward green products, perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), environmental concern, and company’s perceived green image are significant antecedents of the intention to purchase, with attitude toward green products being the most robust antecedent among the three. However, subjective norms do not act as a direct antecedent of purchase intention. For the indirect effect on green purchase intention, four main antecedents (attitude toward green products, subjective norms, PCE, and environmental concerns) indirectly impact purchase intention via the mediating role of the perceived green image of the company. This study contributes to existing literatures via extending the TPB model. Regarding attitude-intention-behavior model, we found that environmental concern complements the model as an antecedent of green purchase intention. Moreover, a company’s perceived green image mediates the relationship between four antecedents and green purchase intention. Therefore, marketers of green products may also enhance future purchases by promoting the green image of the company. Particularly, we found that environmental knowledge positively moderates the relationship between environmental concern and a company’s perceived green image. We added on the empirical evidence that PCE plays a crucial role in stimulating green purchases as its direct positive influence on green purchase behavior is larger than that of green purchase intention. Moreover, consumer innovativeness positively moderates the relationship between PCE and green purchase intention.

"I could easily get professional help if I wanted to": Professional help-seeking intentions and the Theory of planned behaviour

This study used path analysis to evaluate the ability of the Theory of planned behaviour to predict professional help-seeking intentions in an adult community sample (N = 470, 51% female, age range: 18-64 years). The results showed that perceived behavioural control was the most significant antecedent of help-seeking intentions, positive attitudes increased the likelihood to seek professional help, however, their effect was small, while subjective norms were not relevant. Past help-seeking had a small direct effect on intentions, yet equally strong as the total indirect effect via attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Psychological distress affected intentions only indirectly. Difficulties with self-disclosure were the only barrier that had a partially mediated effect on intentions through perceived behavioural control. The findings are discussed with respect to the utility of the TPB model, as well as in the wider context of professional help-seeking and interventions to encourage the utilization of mental health services.

Extended Theory of Planned Behavior for Predicting the Willingness to Pay for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Beijing

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a problem in China, mainly since there is no uniform standard for MSW management charges, causing conflict between local residents and the government. An intelligent garbage sorting system (IGSS) is an effective sorting approach for MSW management. To explore the predictors of local residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the IGSS, this study applied an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model by adding an antecedent environmental concern (EC) prior to the main predictors of the TPB model (attitudes, subject norms, perceived behavioral control). The WTP of Beijing residents for MSW management and the determinants of WTP were analyzed. The specific amount of WTP was predicted by a contingent valuation method (CVM) in an online questionnaire, and the mean WTP was estimated to be USD 49.93 per household per year. The results showed a positive connection between EC and residents’ WTP, and most of the participants were willing to pay for the IGSS for MSW management.

Integrating the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior With the Stages of Change to Predict Exercise Among Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes

Background: There have been very limited prospective studies examining social-cognitive models within stages of behavior change in the exercise domain.Purpose: We examined the utility of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), incorporating self-identity and descriptive norm constructs, to predict exercise behavior across the stages of change, in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Data were obtained from a longitudinal study. Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to estimate the association between extended TPB constructs and exercise within different stages groups.Results: 647 individuals completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and at 3 months follow-up. The extended TPB model explained 8–15% variance of exercise behavior and 42–81% variance of exercise intention within three stages groups in the cross-sectional design. The extended TPB model explained 4%-13% variance of exercise behavior and 42–66% variance of exercise intention in the longitudinal design. Intention was significantly related to exercise behavior in the pre-action and action stages. Self-identity, perceived behavioral control and descriptive norms were stronger predictors of intention in different stages.Conclusion: Discontinuity patterns in the extended theory of planned behavior for the different stages groups were found. Intention was a significant predictor of exercise in the pre-action and action stages at 3 months.

Islamic mortgage adoption: examining the moderating effects of Islamic altruism

Purpose Using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as an analytical framework, this paper aims to investigate the direct effects of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, price fairness and Islamic altruism. It also explores how these path linkages can be moderated by Islamic altruism. Design/methodology/approach Data are gathered via survey questionnaires on 287 Muslim bank customers in major cities of East Malaysia. The data are then tested using partial least squares. Findings The results show that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, price fairness and Islamic altruism are significantly influenced by Muslim bank customers’ intention to choose Islamic home financing products. Islamic altruism is also found to significantly moderate the relationship between price fairness and behavioural intention. Research limitations/implications Three limitations are available for future research that include the geographical restriction, respondents’ selection and a limited number of battery items used. Practical implications Essentially, the results of this study serve as a guide for Islamic bank managers or mortgage providers to improve their pertinent marketing strategies, which are vital to enhancing the acceptance rate of Islamic mortgage. Originality/value This study extends the TPB model by incorporating price fairness and Islamic altruism into the Islamic home financing context.

EXAMINING KEY DRIVERS FOR ONLINE IMPULSE BUYING IN MALAYSIAN’S PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES STUDENTS

With the current growth of the internet, there are signs of e-commerce in Malaysia growing and booming, such as Lazada, Mudah.my, Shopee, and others. Malaysians have been increasingly reliant on the internet to obtain product details and to make purchases. This motivates e-commerce entrepreneurs to devise a new strategy for increasing sales by increasing the rate of online impulse purchases among visitors to online shopping platforms. The aim of this research is to look into the connection between key-driven and online impulse buying. The aim of this research is to create a framework that represents the main drivers of online impulse buying among Malaysian public universities. The study also addresses empirical results from a 303-respondent online survey conducted with SPSS version 22.0 and Smart-PLS version 3.0. The research paradigm is focused on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) Model, which includes online impulse buying as a dependent variable and three independent variables (Flow Experience, Perceived Usefulness, and Trust). Non-probability methods, judgement sampling, and convenience sampling were used to select respondents in this research, who ranged in age from 19 to over 30 years old and were university students in Malaysia. In addition, this research paves the way for future studies by identifying relevant online purchase platform providers and product categories to conduct a new study.

Influence of Environmental Concerns and Moral Obligation on Purchase Intention: Evidence from Cambodia

Environmental issues and sustainability have attracted considerable attention. The public have been asked to change their conventional consumption patterns and purchase behaviours. This study expanded the theoretical base of green purchasing by extending the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and essays a comprehensive research framework to identify the antecedents and mediators of green purchase intention (GPI). Smart PLS version 3.2.8 was employed to test the theoretical framework against 314 observations of customers who had bought green products in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The current study extended the framework of the TPB model, in which perceived moral obligation (PMO) is introduced as an antecedent of attitudes towards green products, subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioural control (PBC) vis-a-vis GPI. The findings reveal that environmental awareness and environmental concerns have a significant and positive influence on SN, PMO, and PBC. They also show that consumers’ PMO has a positive and significant impact on customers’ perceived value, including perceived environmental value and perceived environmental image. Furthermore, SN, PMO, PBC, and customers’ perceived value have a significant effect on attitudes towards green products. Both customer’s attitudes and perceived value have a positive effect on GPI. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided.

EXPLORING THE THEORY PLANNED BEHAVIOUR TO DERIVE THE FACTORS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR FOR DOMESTIC WASTE RECYCLING

Malaysia is experiencing waste disposal management issues involving the lack of recycling practices among human behaviour, the absence of domestic waste recycling mechanisms, and poor enforcement for recycling activities. Previous studies revealed that households generate domestic waste hence requires changes in domestic waste management. This paper aims to establish the conceptual framework of solid waste recycling practice by employing the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Content analysis was employed to verify the trends of research in the related topic. From prior related studies, a variety of approaches based on the TPB model were examined. Results demonstrated that many factors influence the household’s behaviour in domestic waste recycling using the TPB model. The outcome of this study was a conceptual framework in determining the factors of human behaviour in domestic waste recycling. The framework can therefore be a mechanism for authority in managing domestic waste.

Domestic Food Waste and Covid-19 Concern: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic rapidly and dramatically disrupted household behaviours in almost all areas and, among these, eating behaviours and daily food patterns have also been radically altered. All reported changes have potential effects in terms of food waste, which is a global problem that mainly occurs at household level. Many scholars attempted to understand the antecedents of food waste in the framework of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). In this paper we follow this strain of research by focussing on two different behaviours, suggested by the Waste Framework Directive of the EU, namely (a) reducing servings and (b) using leftovers, which may be predicted by the intention to reduce food waste. An online questionnaire containing the key constructs of the TPB and the concern towards the pandemic was administered to a sample of 201 Italian consumers. Results show that the TPB model was confirmed for both behaviours while the Covid-19 concern had no direct effect. However, in the case of portion reduction, there is a significant interaction between concern and intention not to waste food. That is, the effect of intention on reducing servings is increasing as the level of concern increases. Therefore, some indications on how to address food waste policies are drawn.

Predicting Pharmacist Intention to Contribute to COVID-19 Management at the Community Level: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Introduction: The role of pharmacists in public health management is expected to grow into a key player in the continuing measures of managing the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the community setting. However, their intention to provide essential public health services for combating the pandemic and the impact of their attitude and beliefs are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the intention-to-practice COVID-19-related responsibilities of pharmacists based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), identify the key factors predicting their intention, and explore the usefulness of the TPB model in predicting such an intention.Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was completed by pharmacists in Macao between May and August 2020. Quantitative responses regarding intention-to-practice COVID-19-related duties, and the four TPB variables [attitude (A), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and past behavior (PB)] were measured. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to determine the reliability and validity of the tool. In addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation was used to determine the strengths of the association, and multiple linear regression was used to predict the association between the intention and the four key variables.Results: More than half of the pharmacists practicing in Macao completed the questionnaire (296/520) giving a response rate of 56.9%. Among them, 75% were 26–40 years old and 56% were female. The majority of the participants (91.9%) demonstrated a positive intention to contribute to the COVID-19 infection management (mean = 4.19 ± 0.51). The mean scores for A, SN, PBC, and PB were 4.06 ± 0.52, 3.71 ± 0.58, 3.76 ± 0.65, and 4.03 ± 0.54, respectively. A (β = 0.671), SN (β = 0.608), PBC (β = 0.563), and PB (β = 0.829) were all positively correlated with intention (all P < 0.001). It was found that 72.5% of the variance in the intention-to-practice COVID-19-related duties could be explained by the TPB model using the four key variables with A and PB being two possible predictors.Conclusion: Pharmacists showed favorable A, SN, PBC, and intention in participating in COVID-19 management in the community setting. Specific training, enhanced stakeholder communication, and improved pharmacy management are essential to increase the willingness of pharmacists to take part in the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health emergencies alike in the future.