Characteristics of cows’ cicatricial metabolism of different linearity

The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between indicators of cicatricial digestion and linearity of cows. Methods. The research was carried out in the breeding enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region on the livestock of Ural-type cows. Cicatricial fluid was collected with an oropharyngeal rubber probe, and a wooden yaw was also used. Cicatricial content was assessed at the Chelyabinsk Interregional Veterinary Laboratory. The pH value was determined by the electrometric method, VFA – in the Markgam apparatus, ammonia – by the microdiffusion method. Ciliates – in Goryaev’s chamber and under a microscope, bacteria – under a microscope with the addition of sodium chloride solution. Statistical data processing was carried out in the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program. Results. In terms of the number of ciliates and bacteria in the rumen fluid, the Montwick Chieftain cows, characterized by high productive qualities, had an advantage. In terms of pH and VFA, the Vis Back Ideal line was the best. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the amount of ammonia in the rumen. The best animals from the point of view of influence on cicatricial metabolism were the animals of the Vis Back Ideal and Montwick Chieftain lineage. Scientific novelty. Studies have shown that linearity is associated with cicatricial digestion in cows. The relationship of bull lines with indicators of cicatricial metabolism of cows has been determined for the first time. The food in the rumen is digested due to the action of bacteria, ciliates, and fungi. An environment has been created in the rumen for the active development of microflora. Bacteria are able to synthesize amino acids and vitamins. The proventriculus can contain up to 50 species of ciliates.

Animal rabies epidemiology in Nepal from 2005 to 2017

Background and Aim: Animal rabies is endemic in Nepal, and it occurs in two forms. Although governmental and non-governmental agencies are working toward the control of rabies by mass dog vaccination and stray dog population management, there is still massive number of rabies incidence reported to the reference veterinary laboratory, Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess animal species, temporal, regional, and agro-ecological distribution patterns of animal rabies in Nepal from 2005 to 2017. Materials and Methods: The epidemiological data on animal rabies from the period of 2005 to 2017 were obtained from the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal. The laboratory-confirmed rabies cases were analyzed according to animal species, temporal, regional (developmental zones), and agro-ecological distributions. In addition, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the distribution patterns of rabies. Results: From 2005 to 2017, a total of 2771 suspected rabies cases in animals were reported to The Central Veterinary Hospital, Kathmandu. Of which, 1302 were found laboratory-confirmed cases. The rabies cases were most commonly reported and confirmed in dogs followed by other domestic animals. The high occurrences were recorded between 2005 and 2007. However, the incidence was increased during 2016 and 2017. The highest number of rabies cases was recorded in the eastern development zone, and the least number in the central zone at regional level. Likewise, it was highest in the Terai (plain) region and lowest in mountainous areas at agro-ecological zones. The findings also revealed that the occurrences of rabies significantly differed among seasons. Conclusion: Rabies is present in Nepal throughout the year and all seasons with seasonal variation. Among the animal species, dogs are the primary animals affected with rabies followed by cattle and other domestic animals. At the regional level, eastern development zone had the highest incidence and Central development zone recorded the least. Similarly, the Terai region had the highest incidence rates, and the least overall prevalence rate was observed in mountainous regions among agro-ecological zones. Therefore, the government should implement the strict enforcement of mass dog vaccination and dog population management through one health approach to control rabies incidence in the country.

Assessment of the National Veterinary Laboratory System Capacity for the Detection of Infectious Threats to Global Health Security in Benin

Introduction: The International Health Regulations 2005 require countries to establish laboratory systems for rapid and safe confirmation of public health emergencies including zoonoses. Objectives: This study assessed the national veterinary laboratory system capacity for the confirmation of infectious threats to global health security in Benin. Method: The study was descriptive, cross-sectional and evaluative. The non-probability sampling method with selection of the two existing veterinary laboratories were used. Two questionnaires, one observation grid and the Food and Agriculture Organization laboratory mapping tool-core were used. The system capacity was rated good if each laboratory met at least 80% of the assessed criteria. Otherwise, the capacity was rated insufficient. Results: The national veterinary laboratory system capacity in Benin was insufficient. Bohicon laboratory satisfied 27.2% of assessed criteria; With the laboratory mapping tool-core, Parakou laboratory had an average indicator of 50.7%. Laboratory collaboration and networking was the best performing domain with 66.7%. Only basic supplies category reached 80%. Laboratory budget, sample accession and availaible technology had the lowest scores. The veterinary laboratory system is facing shortage of staffs. Avian influenza virus is confirmed by the two laboratories; Bacillus anthracis and rift valley fever virus are only confirmed by Parakou laboratory. Ebola and Lassa fever are not confirmed. There is no collaboration between the laboratories in the country. Conclusion: The veterinary laboratories are not able to ensure timely detection of zoonoses and inform health system for preparedness. The development and implementation of the veterinary laboratory system improvement plan is essential for the global health security in Benin.

Assessment of the Biosafety and Biosecurity in the Reference Veterinary Laboratory of Parakou in Benin

Optimal biosafety and biosecurity are major requirements of global health security. This study assessed the biorisk management in the reference veterinary laboratory of Parakou (Benin). The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and evaluative. The non-probability sampling method with the reasoned choice was used. The Food and Agriculture Organization laboratory mapping tool-safety was used to collect information from the laboratory team. Group discussion, working environment observation, and document exploitation were the data collection techniques. The biorisk management was rated good if the average indicator of the laboratory reached at least 80%. Otherwise, the biorisk management was rated insufficient. The overall laboratory biosafety and biosecurity score was insufficient (42.4%). Per area, the scores were 26.7% for engineering, 33.3% for administration, 53.8% for personal protective equipment, and 62.3% for the operational. There was no area or category score that reached 80%. Containment, waste disposal, and personal protective equipment disposal were the best performing categories with a score above 60%. The laboratory has no biosafety and accident prevention program. Its premises require renovation. The standard operating procedures for biosafety are not yet finalized, and the training mechanism is not optimal. Therefore, strong advocacy and implementation of a biorisk management improvement plan appear as urgent corrective actions which are required to help the reference veterinary laboratory of Parakou in its task to protect the livestock and, ultimately, the people of Benin from dangerous diseases and emerging pathogens.

A review of proficiency exercises offered by the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) and Moffett Proficiency Testing Laboratory from 2012 to 2018

The Food and Drug Administration’s Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network is comprised of more than 40 animal diagnostic laboratories within North America and offers voluntary Proficiency Exercises to these participating laboratories. The joint Proficiency Exercise Program is run in collaboration with the Center for Food safety and Nutrition and Institute for Food safety and Health, located at the Moffett Proficiency Testing Laboratory. From 2012 to 2018, the Proficiency Exercise Program offered 20 proficiency tests or interlaboratory comparison exercises focused on veterinary analytes of interest. The program evaluated performance of laboratories, individual analysts, and the methods used. Over the six-year period, the program improved exercise schemes, as well as offered network laboratories exercises with analytes not routinely seen such as animal tissue with naturally occurring residues. Animal diagnostic laboratories can use performance results to assist with accreditation, demonstrate proficiency, and improve diagnostic capabilities.

Unexpected Cross-Reaction with Honigbergiella-Like DNA in a PCR for Detection of Bovine Tritrichomonas foetus

The prevalence of bovine Tritrichomonas foetus infection has decreased almost to zero in most European countries, such as Poland, which has been Tritrichomonas foetus-free since 1997. However, tri-trichomonosis is a notifiable disease and there is a duty to examine samples from cattle. In this study, we present an unexpected cross-reaction with Honigbergiella-like DNA in a specimen from a bull. The bovine sample was submitted to the Department of Parasitology National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy (NVRI) for confirmatory testing after having been examined at the Regional Veterinary Laboratory, during a routine T. foetus diagnosis. Positive results from microscopic observation and cultures were confirmed. Noteworthily, parasites grew on Diamond’s medium only after seven days of incubation, while optimal growth of trichomonads is generally observed after two to four days for this medium. Moreover, by using PCR we obtained positive results for the presence of T. foetus. However, sequencing of the amplification product revealed 99.62% identity with Honigbergiella sp. Our data suggest that false-positive results may occur in commonly used PCR tests. Thus, unexpected results should be carefully interpreted.

RABIES EPISOOTIC SITUATION IN THE CITY OF MOSCOW AND THE MOSCOW REGION IN THE PERIOD FROM 2017 TO 2020

Rabies is one of the most dangerous and socially significant infectious diseases. The city of Moscow is the largest metropolitan area in the Russian Federation with the largest number of pets and a tense epizootic situation. The city of Moscow is bordered by the large-scale Moscow region, which for many years has been unsuccessful in terms of animal rabies. There is a fairly large livestock sector on the territory of the region: hunting farms, animal complexes, personal subsidiary farms of the population and livestock farms of other forms of ownership.This article presents the results of the analysis of reporting data in the 4-vet form: City Veterinary Laboratory, GBUV MO "Tervet Management No. 4", Zhukovskaya Veterinary Station, GBUV MO "Teruvrashenie No. 3" of Egoryevsk Veterinary Station, GBUV MO "Teruvrashenie No. 2" Sergiev Posadskaya veterinary laboratory and GBUV MO "Terrupravlenie No. 1" of the Ruza veterinary laboratory.

MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING RESIDUAL QUANTITIES OF ANTIBIOTICS IN MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Antibiotics are used not only for treating animals, but also to stimulate growth, fattening, and increase their productivity. When such drugs enter the human body with meat products, resistance, dysbiosis, etc. develops. It is very important to have methods available to control each carcass. The article discusses the microbiological methods used on the territory of the Russian Federation. They are highly sensitive, while at the same time they are not very specific. Some of them can be attributed to express methods, since the analysis time is 3-4 hours. These methods do not require any special complex equipment and can be used in any veterinary laboratory.