On the duality of Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime and moving mirror

The Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) metric is the simplest spacetime solution in general relativity with both a black hole event horizon and a cosmological event horizon. Since the Schwarzschild metric is the most simple solution of Einstein's equations with spherical symmetry and the de Sitter metric is the most simple solution of Einstein's equations with a positive cosmological constant, the combination in the SdS metric defines an appropriate background geometry for semi-classical investigation of Hawking radiation with respect to past and future horizons. Generally, the black hole temperature is larger than that of the cosmological horizon, so there is heat flow from the smaller black hole horizon to the larger cosmological horizon, despite questions concerning the definition of the relative temperature of the black hole without a measurement by an observer sitting in an asymptotically flat spacetime. Here we investigate the accelerating boundary correspondence (ABC) of the radiation in SdS spacetime without such a problem. We have solved for the boundary dynamics, energy flux and asymptotic particle spectrum. The distribution of particles is globally non-thermal while asymptotically the radiation reaches equilibrium.

The saline infusion test for primary aldosteronism: implications of immunoassay inaccuracy

Context Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) for many patients depends on positive results for the saline infusion test (SIT). Plasma aldosterone is often measured by immunoassays, which can return inaccurate results. Objective Establish whether differences in aldosterone measurements by immunoassay versus mass spectrometry (MS) might impact confirmatory testing for PA. Methods This study, involving 240 patients tested using the SIT at five tertiary-care centers, assessed discordance between immunoassay and MS-based measurements of plasma aldosterone. Results Plasma aldosterone measured by Liaison and iSYS immunoassays were respectively 86% and 58% higher than by MS. With an immunoassay-based SIT cut-off for aldosterone of 170 pmol/L, 78 and 162 patients had respective negative and positive results. All former patients had MS-based measurements of aldosterone <117 pmol/L, below MS-based cutoffs of 162 pmol/L. Among the 162 patients with pathogenic SIT results, MS returned non-pathologic results in 62, including 32 under 117 pmol/L. Repeat measurements by an independent MS method confirmed non-pathogenic results in 53 patients with discordant results. Patients with discordant results showed a higher (P<0.0001) prevalence of non-lateralized than lateralized adrenal aldosterone production than patients with concordant results (83%vs28%). Among patients with non-lateralized aldosterone production, 66% had discordant results. Discordance was more prevalent for the Liaison than iSYS immunoassay (32%vs16% P=0.0065) and was eliminated by plasma purification to remove interferents. Conclusions These findings raise concerns about the validity of immunoassay-based diagnosis of PA in over 60% of patients with presumed bilateral disease. We provide a simple solution to minimize immunoassay inaccuracy-associated misdiagnosis of PA.

Towards low-cost machine learning solutions for manufacturing SMEs

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to enhance production systems and meet the requirements of a rapidly evolving manufacturing environment. Compared to larger companies, however, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lack in terms of resources, available data and skills, which impedes the potential adoption of analytics solutions. This paper proposes a preliminary yet general approach to identify low-cost analytics solutions for manufacturing SMEs, with particular emphasis on ML. The initial studies seem to suggest that, contrarily to what is usually thought at first glance, SMEs seldom need digital solutions that use advanced ML algorithms which require extensive data preparation, laborious parameter tuning and a comprehensive understanding of the underlying problem. If an analytics solution does require learning capabilities, a ‘simple solution’, which we will characterise in this paper, should be sufficient.

A New Method to Solve Dual Systems of Fractional Integro-Differential Equations by Legendre Wavelets

The method that will be presented, is numerical solution based on the Legendre wavelets for solving dual systems of fractional integro-differential equations (FIDEs). First of all we make the operational matrix of fractional order integration. The application of this matrix is transforming FIDEs to a system of algebric equations. By this changing, we are able to solve it by a simple solution. In this way, the Legendre wavelets and their operator matrix are the most important keys of our solution. After explaining the method we test on some illustrative examples which numerical solutions of these examples demonstrate the validity and applicability of suggested method.