Measured and perceived exercise intensity during the performance of single-task, cognitive-motor dual-task and exergame training: a transversal study (Preprint)

UNSTRUCTURED The physical and cognitive loads during exergaming may differ from more conventional cognitive-motor dual-task trainings. The aim of this pilot transversal study was to compare exercise intensity during exergame, cognitive-motor dual-task and single-task training sessions. We recruited healthy young adults who carried out one session of each t type of training: exergaming, cognitive-motor dual-tasking and single-tasking. We used a custom-made exergame as support. The sessions lasted 30 minutes, were spaced at least 24 hours, and took place in random order for each group of 4 participants. We used heart rates to assess exercise intensity, and the modified Borg scale to assess their perception of intensity. Sixteen healthy young participants carried out all sessions. There was no difference between the different types of training in mean heart rates (p = 0.3), peak heart rates (p = 0.5) or Borg scale scores (p = 0.4). Our custom-made exergames measured and perceived physical load did not differ between cognitive-motor dual-task and single-task training. As a result, our exergame can be considered as intense as more traditional physical training. Future studies should be conducted in seniors with or without cognitive impairments and should incorporate an assessment of cognitive performance.

Seroprevalence and associated factors of viral agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex in buffaloes of Colombia

ABSTRACT: The bovine respiratory disease complex causes sizable losses for livestock producers. Its presentation involves the interaction among multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. Viral agents include: bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine alphaherpesvírus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus (bPI3v) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV); so far, these viruses have been little studied in the buffalo population. This study is aimed to assess the presence of these viruses in buffalo populations of the department of Córdoba, Colombia. A transversal study was conducted upon assessment of 37 farms and 861 buffaloes. Seroprevalence in animals were as follows: 21.7% (BVDV), 51.5% (BoHV-1), 73.6% (bPI3v) and 58.9% (BSRV), while seroprevalence in farms stood at: 94.6% (BVDV), 100% (BoHV-1), 100% (bPI3v) and 100% (BSRV). Conversely, the multiple seropositivity in buffaloes or past coinfection of viral agents amounted to 23.3% for a single virus, 31.8% for two viruses, 29.4% for three viruses and 7.1% for four viruses; only 8.4% of buffaloes were seronegative for four viruses. This is the first regional epidemiological study in the buffalo populations of Colombia and the results showed viral circulation and multiple seropositivity in animals; in addition, the high prevalence found pose a concerning epidemiological threat.

How Can We Reduce Dental Fear in Children? The Importance of the First Dental Visit

Dental fear is a common problem amongst children. It can affect children’s psychological well-being, quality of life, and oral and systemic health. The aim of this study was to identify whether the patients’ age at which visits to the paediatric dentist begin as well as the periodicity of these visits are factors that can prevent dental fear. This observational transversal study was conducted on 575 school children (average age 6.85 ± 0.78) and their mother/father/guardian. Parents completed a survey on the characteristics of dental visits and the child completed the index of dental anxiety and fear (IDAF-4C) to assess dental fear. The correlation between dental fear and age at first visit (r = −0.36 p < 0.01) and dental fear and frequency of visit (r = −0.65 p < 0.01) were statistically significant. The regression analysis performed showed that both variables predicted 44.4% of the dental fear in the child. In conclusion, the age of initiation to the paediatric dentist (before 2 years) and the periodic revisions (every 6 months or every year) could protect the child from dental fear.

Social Distancing, Physical Activity, and COVID-19: Implications for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil

A lack of glycemic control and diabetes are risk factors for complications related to COVID-19, and social isolation can hinder adherence to physical activity. Thus, this study sought to assess the impacts of social distancing on the practice of physical activity of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This was a transversal study carried out using an online form to collect sociodemographic, practice of physical activity, and social distancing data. Of the 472 participants, 85.6% reported that they were respecting the steps of social distancing. Social distancing affected the practice of physical activity in adherence to the habit of practicing in frequency, duration, and perception of change in intensity. An association was found between noticing a lot of stress in the home environment and stopping physical activity; lower levels of tolerance to social distancing were associated with less physical activity, and maintaining the habit of practicing physical activity was associated with decreasing the intensity of the practice. Hence, social distancing harmed the practice of physical activity as part of the treatment of individuals with T1DM, both in the habit of practicing and in the characteristics of these practices of physical activity, such as frequency, duration, and intensity.

Third Molar Surgery: Risk Factors and Complications after Removal of Third Molars

Objective: There is a need for this research because it aims to identify characteristics that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes following the removal of third molars. Study Design: Observational/transversal study Place and Duration: Dental College HITEC-IMS Taxilla/ Gulraiz Dental Clinic Quaid Avenue Main Road, Gulraiz 3, Rawalpindi. Nov 2020-June 2021 Methods: A total of 180 male and female participants were included in this study. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 50. Pericoronitis and tooth impaction were among the complaints of the patients included in the study. The oral and maxillofacial department operated on all of the patients who requested the removal of their third molars. All patients provided written consent before having their personal data collected, including their age, gender, BMI, kind of impaction, and location of their third molar. Various operative variables were employed. In our research, we looked at post-operative complications and risk variables. The whole data was analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Results: 110 (61.1%) patients were males and 70 (38.9%) cases were females. 28.17±9.47 years were the mean age with mean BMI 24.11±3.65 kg/m2. Most of the teeth impacted in left side found in 102 (56.7%) patients. Most common type of impaction was mesioangular among 90 (50%) cases followed by distoangular 45 (23.7%) cases. Majority of the third molars were fully impacted 120 (66.7%), 38 (21.1%) were partially impacted and frequency of erupted tooth was 22 (12.2%). All the third molars were removed by buccal guttering technique under local anesthesia. Post-operative infection was the most common complication found in 80 (44.4%) cases followed by gingival defect in 27 (15%) radicular fractures in 24 (13.3%) cases. Location of the third molar and bone removal was the most common factor found. Conclusion: There was an increased risk of problems with tooth sectioning, bone removal, and/or tooth localization in patients above the age of 22. Both the evaluation of the indications for the removal of third molars and the process of informed consent should reflect this information. Keywords: Third Molars, Surgery, Anesthesia, Complications, Impactions

Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Livedo Reticularis is Linked to Female Sex and Stroke and Negatively Associated with Thyroid Disease

Aim: To study the clinical and laboratory findings between patients with primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome (pAPS) with and without LR. Background: Livedo Reticularis (LR) is a common manifestation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS). Although no previous study evaluated patients with and without LR. Methods: A transversal study including 66 pAPS patients was performed. Demographical, anthropometric, medication use, antiphospholipid antibodies profile data were evaluated, and LR's clinical and laboratory features. Patients were subdivided into one of two groups: pAPS with LR and pAPS without LR. Results: Both groups were alike concerning demographics and anthropometrics. Interestingly, the frequency of stroke (28.5 vs. 7.5%, p=0.04), as well as of Sneddon’s syndrome (100 vs. 30.0%, p<0.0001), were higher in pAPS with LR than the other group. Conversely, patients in the pAPS without LR group had more thyroidopathy than those in the pAPS with LR group (80% vs. 50% %, p=0.03). Conclusion: Patients with pAPS and LR have more stroke and seem to be protected from thyroidopathy. Careful follow-up of these patients is therefore advised.

Depression a common condition in older hospitalized chronic patients-a transversal study

Objective: To examine the prevalence of depression among older hospitalized patients and its relation to chronic diseases. Method: A transversal study was conducted in a Regional Hospital in South Albania which included a total of 100 hospitalized chronic patients. The study lasted one month and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used for the data collection. Each participant completed a validated Albanian version of the questionnaire. Patients diagnosed with various pathologies who presented for examination but were not admitted to the hospital were excluded from the study. For the data analyses were used descriptive statistics. Results: Participants’ mean age was 55.9 ± 18.45. 46 % of patients were female and 54% were male. The results of variables assessing the depression were as follows: 24% of female patients report “Little interest or pleasure in doing things” nearly every day; 15% of female and 11% of male patients report “Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless”; 39% of female and 24% of male patients feel “tired or have little energy”. The diagnosis was significantly associated with the trend for depression, p<0.05. The most frequent diagnoses diagnosis were hypertension, diabetes, and stroke respectively 23.00%, 14.00%, and 10.00%. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms occur more commonly in older hospitalized patients with chronic diseases. They require a longer rehabilitation time, which influences the day hospital stay. For improving the quality of care and life of this patient a routine depression screening and more support from nurses are recommended.