Non-Radiative Recombination of Triplet Charge-Transfer State as the Key of Limiting Efficiency Mediates the Positive Relevance of JSC and VOC

Non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF OSCs) with A-D-A acceptors have realized the positive relevance of short-circuit current density (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC), because of the restricted energy loss. However, non-radiative energy loss remains unclear, resulting in the positive relevance could not maximize power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, the impact of non-radiative recombination directly related to the singlet- and triplet-charge-transfer (1CT and 3CT) states on the positive relevance is explored. It establishes the essential connection between 3CT-state non-radiation and positive relevance, points out the former mainly hinders PCE. The root reason is that decisive factors of decay rates in two pathways are completely different, but hard to adjust coordinately. Especially, another trade-off is still detected in NF OSCs, causing a bottleneck in PCE. To the end, we propose the defects of A-D-A molecular design by revealing 3CT-state non-radiation mediates the positive relevance.

Penerapan Desain Eksperimen Plackett-Burman dan Box-Behnken pada Analisis Voltametri Pulsa Diferensial untuk Penentuan Kadar Senyawa Kompleks Gd-DTPA

<p>Gadolinium merupakan salah satu golongan unsur tanah jarang yang menarik karena memiliki sifat paramagnetik yang tinggi. Pengkhelatan gadolinium dengan ligan dietilentriaminpentaasetat (DTPA) menghasilkan senyawa yang berguna dalam bidang kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kandungan unsur tanah jarang gadolinium sebagai kompleks dengan ligan DTPA secara voltametri pulsa diferensial dengan penerapan desain eksperimen <em>Plackett-Burman</em> dan <em>Box-Behnken</em>. Desain eksperimen <em>Plackett-Burman</em> digunakan untuk menyeleksi parameter yang memiliki relevansi positif terhadap respon arus. Parameter yang terpilih kemudian dioptimasi melalui desain eksperimen <em>Box-Behnken </em>sehingga diperoleh kondisi optimum tiap parameter. Parameter yang terseleksi meliputi konsentrasi ligan DTPA, waktu deposisi dan waktu kesetimbangan dengan nilai tiap parameter pada kondisi optimum masing-masing yaitu 150, 13 mgL^-1, 60 detik dan 30 detik. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran pada kondisi optimum didapat nilai presisi dan akurasi untuk kompleks Gd-DTPA yaitu 99,79% dan 93,42% dengan nilai limit deteksi dan kuantisasi untuk kompleks Gd-DTPA yaitu 3,97 mg/L dan 10,71 mg/L.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Application of Experimental Designs of Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken in Differential Pulse Voltammetry Analysis for Gd-DTPA Complex Detection. </strong>Gadolinium is one of rare earth elements that is interesting because it has high paramagnetic properties. The gadolinium chelating with diethylentriaminpentaacetic acid (DTPA) ligands produces useful compounds in the health field. The purpose of this experiment is to determine amount of gadolinium as complex with DTPA on differential pulse voltammetry by applying Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental design. The method employed experimental design of Plackett-Burman to select factors, which have positive relevance to response. The selected factors are optimized based on experimental design of Box-Behnken to obtain the optimum condition each factors. The selected factors are ligand concentration, deposition time and equilibrium time with optimum value of 150 mgL^-1, 60 s and 30 s, respectively. Based on the result of measurement at optimum condition, the precision and accuracy value for Gd-DTPA complex is 99.79% and 93.42% with detection and quantization limit value for Gd-DTPA complex is 3.97 mg/L and 10.71 mg/L.</p>

Relevance of the Productive Course of Hair Beauty in Vocational High Schools to Industry Needs

The problem primarily faced by vocational education institutions is a gap between skills taught at schools and skills required by the industries. This leads to the increasing unemployment rate of Vocational High School graduates. Thus relevant curriculum is required to satisfy the industry demands. This study aimed at analyzing the relevance of the productive course of hair beauty in Vocational High Schools to the job requirements in beauty salons in Padang. This study was qualitative descriptive. The data collection used interviews, observation and documentation. The data collection instruments consisted of observation sheets and interview guidelines. The data were analyzed using the stages of data reduction, presentation and conclusion. The results showed positive relevance of the productive course of hair beauty in Vocational High Schools to the job requirements in beauty salons in Padang. The skills learned in the schools were adequately relevant with the skills required by beauty salons, since from thirteen productive lessons taught in the schools, eleven of them were implemented and used in the workplaces.

Pengembangan Karakter Kreatif pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Pembelajaran Tematik

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of creative character in early childhood through thematic learning. The character that individual needs is creative. When creative characters are developed since childhood, then in this country there will be many creators who are ready to provide change and creativity. Skills possessed through the creative characters will give another character, such as confident, brave, honest, and etc. The thematic learning contained in curriculum of which 2013 is now as a reference of early child education throughout Indonesia has a positive relevance. Learning materials, media, and methods are very interesting and make children happy. A child's happy psychology will have a positive impact on growth and development. The development of creative character in PAUD Wadas Kelir has different learning concept. Three concepts are given: life skills, nature, and knowledge.

Optimization of Nano-Grating Pitch Evaluation Method Based on Line Edge Roughness Analysis

Pitch uncertainty and line edge roughness are among the critical quality attributes of a pitch standard and normally the analyses of these two parameters are separate. The analysis of self-traceable Cr atom lithography nano-gratings shows a positive relevance and sensitivity between LER and evaluated standard deviation of pitch. Therefore, LER can be used as an aided pre-evaluation parameter for the pitch calculation method, such as the gravity center method or the zero-crossing points method. The optimization of the nano-grating evaluation method helps to obtain the accurate pitch value with fewer measurements and provide a comprehensive characterization of pitch standards.

Study on Post-Bid Market Competition and English Auction for Common Resources

Based on different post-bid market competition models, this paper studies expected revenue of government in English auction for two common resources usage licenses. Each bidder adjusts their competitors’ cost belief with information revealed in English auction process and decides product quantities in post-bid market if he wins the bid. After calculation and analysis, the following conclusions are reached: English auction would be profitable for government in Cournot and Stackelberg post-bid market competition. Government expected revenue experiences positive relevance with market size and number of bidders in two models. Moreover, government benefits more from Cournot competition in product market rather than Stackelberg competition.

Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Bisphenol A on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

In this paper, acute and subacute toxicity effects of on an environmental estrogen, Bisphenol A (BPA), on zebrafish were investigated. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and the median effect concentration (EC50) of BPA to zebrafish embryos and larvae were calculated. Additionally, effects of BPA on vitellogenin (VTG) gene expression and mating ability to adult male zebrafish were investigated for subacute toxicity analysis. Differed from previous studies on toxicity of BPA, acetone, a relative low-level toxic solution, was adopted as the carrier solvent of BPA in this study. Results showed that the values of 24h、48h and 72h LC50 of BPA on zebrafish embryos and larvae were 16.667mg/l, 9.944 mg/ l, 8.222 mg/l and 20.938 mg/l, 15.170 mg/l, 10.943 mg/l, respectively. The values of 24h and 48h EC50 of BPA on zebrafish embryos were 11.111mg/l and 8.183mg/l, while the valuSubscript textes of 24h, 48h and 72h EC50 of BPA on zebrafish larvae were 14.56mg/l, 12.133mg/l and 9.658mg/l, respectively. Subacute toxicity analysis demonstrated VTG gene was induced in male zebrafish by BPA and the increasing of its expression was both time- and dose-dependent. In addition, BPA could severely inhibit the mating ability of adult male zebrafish and a positive relevance was found between the inhibition and the concentration of BPA exposed.