Near atomic structure of the inner ring of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear pore complex

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic transport of substances in eukaryotic cells. However, the accurate molecular arrangement of NPCs remains enigmatic owing to their huge size and highly dynamic nature. Here we determined the structure of the asymmetric unit of the inner ring (IR monomer) at 3.73 Angstrom resolution by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, and created an atomic model of the intact IR consisting of 192 copies from 8 subunits. In each IR monomer, two approximately parallel rhomboidal structures of the inner and outer layers are sandwiched with the Z-shaped Nup188-Nup192 middle layer and Nup188, Nup192 and Nic96 link all subunits to constitute a relatively stable IR monomer, while the intact IR is assembled by loose and instable interactions between IR monomer. These structures reveal various interaction modes and extensive flexible connections in the assembly, providing a structural basis for the stability and malleability of IR.

Modeling of operating modes of woodworking equipment

The effective use of the production capabilities of logging and woodworking equipment largely depends on the compliance of their design features and work organization parameters in specific production and technical conditions. This is achieved in the process of technological calculations with the determination of the optimal modes of their functioning. The paper proposes a methodology and results of modeling on analytical models when sawing logs. The proposed method consists in the fact that in order to maintain stocks at the calculated level, eliminate downtime of machines with the highest productivity in operations with a lower productivity, the duration of their operation is increased by the time calculated for specific conditions. As a result of the work, the analysis of methods and models of timber inventory management was carried out. The main features of woodworking production and its technological process are given. It has been established that the technological process is a production line of mixed aggregation with flexible connections.

Alt Housing: Between the Grain

Current housing developments are built for one type of user at the time of construction, and neglect core values of community and adaptability. The way we build is a static misrepresentation of a dynamic society, ignoring ever changing patterns of growth, shrinkage, requirements and ideologies. Flexible housing strategies employing wood construction will support social inclusion while creating spaces that will serve all (societies) in a sustainable way. This poly-scalar (XS,S,M,L,XL) thesis will explore our basic understanding of physical spaces (architecture) and behavioral relations (people) to reconsider the “family” dwelling. This thesis aims to fi nd a convivial housing architecture that supports and establishes flexible connections between architecture and community living.

Alt Housing: Between the Grain

Current housing developments are built for one type of user at the time of construction, and neglect core values of community and adaptability. The way we build is a static misrepresentation of a dynamic society, ignoring ever changing patterns of growth, shrinkage, requirements and ideologies. Flexible housing strategies employing wood construction will support social inclusion while creating spaces that will serve all (societies) in a sustainable way. This poly-scalar (XS,S,M,L,XL) thesis will explore our basic understanding of physical spaces (architecture) and behavioral relations (people) to reconsider the “family” dwelling. This thesis aims to fi nd a convivial housing architecture that supports and establishes flexible connections between architecture and community living.

Research on Output Signal Controlling of an Asymmetric Hydraulic Cylinder Based on a Flexible Connection

In industrial production, the structures of hydraulic servo system-connecting device-load systems are often simplified as rigid connections for the ease of calculation. However, this simplification is problematic when applied to flexible connections in hydraulic systems, which generally have multivariable and strong couplings; these characteristics affect the control accuracy of the hydraulic servo system and lead to serious distortion of the output waveform, which cannot be ignored. These problems cause greater lag and attenuation of the actual signal than those of the expected signal, leading to lower credibility. Therefore, it is important to study the waveform distortion caused by flexible connections. In this paper, according to the characteristics of a flexible connection, a corresponding mathematical model is established, and an adaptive controller, whose structure is simple and calculation cost is low, is used to adjust the amplitude and phase of the response signal and improve the accuracy of the system response. Treating the change in the response signal as the error value, the algorithm weights are adjusted until the error value is stable. Then, a more accurate output signal is obtained. Finally, the validity and practicability of the adaptive controller are verified by simulation experiments.

Parallel structure mechanisms with flexible connections

An overview of designs of parallel structure mechanisms with flexible connections is presented. It is proposed to classify the parallel structure mechanisms, taking into account the following qualification characteristics: type of drive, type of movements performed, with further classification of the mechanisms of each group according to their other distinctive features. Keywords: parallel structure mechanism, flexible connections, cable robot, controlled deformation, degree of freedom. [email protected]

THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE NOISE EMISSION OF THE FLEXIBLE CONNECTION OF THE ABRASIVE BELT-GRINDING WOODWORKING MACHINES

This paper presents the results of theoretical studies of the drive belting and grinding belts` acoustic characteristics as elements of flexible connections, that fundamentally distinguishes them from bobbin sanding and cylinder-grinding woodworking machines. It also has the significant differences in comparison with other sources in terms of stiffness and tension forces. The choice of the noise source models is justified by the characteristic features of the kinematics of the machine tools and the grinding technological process. The arrangement of the machines` acoustic system of chosen group suggests that the main sources of energy radiation are: grinding belts and belt drives of the work pieces and grinding units, ground work pieces, electric motors. It is compared the expected noise levels with sanitary standards for determining the excess and the sources that generate them. These data are the main information for the acoustic calculation and design of the noise reduction systems of the above sources at the design stage in such woodworking equipment, and it also determines the acoustic efficiency of the noise protection systems and consider to design these systems in accordance with the implementation of the sanitary noise standards at the machine operator workplaces.

Current modeling in a bus packet of a high-current system

A graphoanalytic method for determining the highcurrent system resistances and a mathematical model of a single-phase furnace transformer with a split secondary winding are developed for modeling currents in a transformer and a high-current system bus package in case of short circuit and opening of flexible connections. Experiments have proved the adequacy of the proposed method. The simulation error does not exceed 10 %. Keywords: single-phase transformer, split winding, short circuit, high-current system, opening, resistance, mathematical model, modeling. [email protected]

The effect of isolation in controlling the variability of point connected structures with uncertain structural attachments

As the demand for the transmission of electric power and communication signals in automotive and aerospace vehicles increases, so does the number of structures comprising simplified one-dimensional attachments, such as electrical cabling, affixed to a host plate like primary structure. These attachments are typically uncertain in their geometric or material properties, potentially affecting the response of the built-up structure. Difficulties then arise in the prediction of the response of the assembly. This study shows how the variability, due to the uncertain attachments, might be reduced by considering flexible connections. A mobility analysis compares systems connected with either rigid links or elastic springs. A frequency is identified at which the assembly dynamically uncouples; the effect on the host response variability due to the uncertain attachment decreases above this frequency with a reduction of the order of 60 dB in the coefficient of variation. This uncoupling or effective isolation frequency can be simply estimated from the mobility of the elastic connection and the properties of the nominal structural attachment. For design purposes, this frequency can be adjusted to achieve a more predictable response above a given frequency.