Cell behaviors within a confined adhesive area fabricated using novel micropatterning methods

In the field of cell and tissue engineering, there is an increasing demand for techniques to spatially control the adhesion of cells to substrates of desired sizes and shapes. Here, we describe two novel methods for fabricating a substrate for adhesion of cells to a defined area. In the first method, the surface of the coverslip or plastic dish was coated with Lipidure, a non-adhesive coating material, and air plasma was applied through a mask with holes, to confer adhesiveness to the surface. In the second method, after the surface of the coverslip was coated with gold by sputtering and then with Lipidure; the Lipidure coat was locally removed using a novel scanning laser ablation method. These methods efficiently confined cells within the adhesive area and enabled us to follow individual cells for a longer duration, compared to the currently available commercial substrates. By following single cells within the confined area, we were able to observe several new aspects of cell behavior in terms of cell division, cell–cell collisions, and cell collision with the boundary between adhesive and non-adhesive areas.

Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy to determine formaldehyde to phenol ratio of phenol formaldehyde resole

A model has been proposed to determine the formaldehyde (F) to phenol (P) ratio [F/P] of resole with the help of Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The study is based on the comparison of IR absorbance of the dominant peaks corresponding to the formaldehyde and phenol contents in the resin. This study can be of much use in adhesive coating industries to employ the F/P ratio as a quality tool as well as for competition resin benchmarking. It can also be utilized for understanding the kinetics of the reactions between phenol and formaldehyde. Detailed qualitative analyses of various resoles with different formulations have been discussed in this paper, which can be of potential help for the standard analysis of the commercial resins. The validation of results confirms that the most fitting model offers an error less than 7%. Interestingly, this model can also be applied with blends of different Phenol formaldehyde resoles.

VOCs Fugitive Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment from Typical Plywood Industry in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from the plywood manufacturing industry in China have received concerns during recent years. A total of 115 VOCs were measured in the adhesive-making, adhesive-coating, and hot-pressing workshops of the plywood manufacturing industry to investigate fugitive emission characteristics of VOCs and assess their health risks to workers. The average concentration of total VOCs in workshops of the plywood manufacturing industry is 467 ± 359 μg/m3, whereas the value for ambient air is 81.4 μg/m3. For specific processes, the adhesive-coating and hot-pressing processes show higher VOCs concentrations (501 μg/m3–519 μg/m3) than the adhesive-making process (340 μg/m3). Formaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane are the three most abundant VOCs in workshops, with relative contributions to total VOCs of 55.9–63.1%, 4.3–11.0%, and 1.7–4.4%, respectively. For ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs, formaldehyde is the largest contributor (86.1%), followed by toluene, xylenes, and propanal. The non-cancer toxic risks (HI) and cancer risks of total VOCs (T-LCR) for three processes are calculated as 2.93–3.94 and 2.86–4.17 × 10−4 using the US EPA recommended methods, both significantly higher than threshold values (1.0 for HI and 10−4 for LCR), suggesting the highly toxic and cancer risks to workers. Formaldehyde contributes 68.1–78.2% and 91.4–93.9% of HI and T-LCR, respectively. The designed risk reduction scheme of VOCs based on air ventilation suggests that air ventilation rates of formaldehyde need to reach 4–5 times in 8 h in three processes to reduce T-LCR to 10−5. These results are useful for developing VOCs control measures and evaluating VOCs occupational health risk for workers in the plywood manufacturing industry.

Progress in Vinyl Acetate

Vinyl acetate is an organic chemical raw material of great industrial value. It is widely used in synthetic film, adhesive, coating and textile slurry. The production route of vinyl acetate is introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of synthesis methods of vinyl acetate method, acetylene method, EDA cracking method, base synthesis method and Halcon method are compared. The method of carbide acetylene has high economic efficiency, low energy consumption and good environmental protection, proposing the development direction of ethylene acetate production technology.

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ANTI-ADHESIVE COATING MADE OF CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES ON THE MODEL OF ADHESION FORMATION IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY

Purpose:to study the effectiveness of the application of the anti-adhesive coating "Heprocel" from cellulose derivatives in an experimental model of the formation of an adhesive process in the abdominal cavity

Profile Control Using Fly Ash Three-Phase Foam Assisted by Microspheres with an Adhesive Coating

Foam-assisted steam flooding is a promising technique to alleviate gas channeling and enhance sweep efficiency in heterogeneous heavy-oil reservoirs. However, long-term foam stabilization remains problematic at high temperatures. Three-phase foam (TPF), containing dispersed solid particles, has been proposed to improve foam stability under harsh reservoir conditions. We fabricated a novel TPF system by adding ultrafine fly ash particles, as well as high-temperature resistant microspheres with an adhesive coating layer. This work aims at assessing the ability of the generated TPF in controlling steam channeling and enhancing oil recovery. Static and core flood tests were performed to evaluate foam strength and stability. Our results suggested a stronger foamability at a lower consolidation agent concentration, while a longer half-life period of foam and settling time of solid particles at a larger consolidation agent concentration were observed. Bubbles suspended independently in the liquid phase, with sizes varying from 10 to 100 μm, smaller than that of the conventional foam, suggesting a significant enhancement of foam dispersity and stability. The plugging rate was close to 90% when the temperature was as high as 300 °C, demonstrating a well-accepted plugging effect under high temperatures. A larger pore volume injection of TPF yielded a higher EOR in parallel cores, which substantiated the effectiveness of the three-phase foam system in sealing high-permeability channels.

ADHESIVE COATING VALUE BASED ON THE MAIN INGREDIENT OF SHIP PAINT

Coatings are important instruments in inhibiting the corrosion rate. Field facts in various Indonesian shipping industries show that the choice of organic materials as coating for ship paint uses epoxy, vinyl and polyurethane. Therefore an experimental study is needed on the adhesion ability of paint as a coating for ship armor with these three types of organic materials. The preparation of steel specimens with type ASTM A36 is carried out by blasting, visual inspection standard ISO 8501-1, and roughness test standard ISO 8503-4. Painting of specimens by measuring the thickness of the paint in the wet conditions ASTM D4414 standard and ASTM D4138 standard dry conditions. Treatment of specimens in two conditions, are: tropichal weather condition and salt spray conditon. Observation of specimens by scanning electron microscope and adhesion test standard ASTM D4541-02. The final result shows that the best adhesion ability of the main paint coating in tropical weather conditions was a polyurethane coating with no blister characteristics, but there are fractures on the surface of the material. While the main material for the best coating in salt spray conditions was epoxy coating with characteristics that are resistant to blisters and blends with the surface of the material.

Contributions of Glycolipid Biosurfactants and Glycolipid-Modified Materials to Antimicrobial Strategy: A Review

Glycolipid biosurfactants are natural amphiphiles and have gained particular interest recently in their biodegradability, diversity, and bioactivity. Microbial infection has caused severe morbidity and mortality and threatened public health security worldwide. Glycolipids have played an important role in combating many diseases as therapeutic agents depending on the self-assembly property, the anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties, and the antimicrobial properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. Besides, their role has been highlighted as scavengers in impeding the biofilm formation and rupturing mature biofilm, indicating their utility as suitable anti-adhesive coating agents for medical insertional materials leading to a reduction in vast hospital infections. Notably, glycolipids have been widely applied to the synthesis of novel antimicrobial materials due to their excellent amphipathicity, such as nanoparticles and liposomes. Accordingly, this review will provide various antimicrobial applications of glycolipids as functional ingredients in medical therapy.

Study of the effect of chia seeds (Salvia Hispanica L.) on structural-mechanical characteristics of a cream-blown paste for candies

The influence of whole and crushed chia seeds on the characteristics of unstructured and structured cream-blown candy paste made with different gelling agents (agar, pectin and modified starch) was investigated. It was found that when adding an additive, the viscosity of unstructured candy pastes changes insignificantly. The adhesion of unstructured cream-blown candy pastes at the maximum dosage of chia seeds increases by 7.2... 8.5%, depending on the type used by the gelling agents. Modern equipment usually has an anti-adhesive coating. Therefore, a slight increase in the adhesion index will not affect the performance of the technological process. It is noted that the Introduction of chia seeds causes an increase in the density and strength of the structured candy pastes. According to the maximum investigated dosage of the additive, they do not meet the requirements of regulatory documents in terms of density and have unfavorable organoleptic characteristics. To ensure the high quality of cream-blown candy pastes, it is recommended to introduce whole chia seeds in an amount of 50% of the mass of dry egg albumin, and chopped seeds in an amount of 40% of the fat mass with a corresponding decrease in their prescription content.