Prediction and Evolution of the Influence of Microblog Entries in the Context of Terrorist Events

The outbreak of terrorist events often causes tremendous damage to the country and society and arouses high attention from the public and an overwhelming response on the microblogging platform. Predicting the influence of microblogging in the context of terrorist events and revealing its evolutionary mode can help counterterrorism departments foresee potential risks, take effective countermeasures in time, and provide a reference for reducing public panic caused by terrorist events. In this study, Word2Vec is combined with the K-means clustering technique to discover the topics of microblogging, and an emotion analysis of microblogging is performed. The user features, time features, and content features of microblogging in the context of terrorist events are extracted. The prediction model of microblogging influence based on the logistic regression model was constructed and evaluated. The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy of the model was 85.8%, which had superior performance over other six classification models. In addition, the high-influence characteristics of microblogging in the context of terrorist events were analyzed and summarized. Finally, a quantitative method of the influence of a microblogging topic based on the h-index was proposed. The evolution pattern of the influence of a microblogging topic was analyzed. The results can help predict microblog entries of high influence, understand the intensity and variation of public concern over terrorist events, and assist counterterrorism departments in taking scientific decisions.

Tumor evolutionary trajectories during the acquisition of invasiveness in early stage lung adenocarcinoma

The evolutionary trajectories of early lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that genomic analysis between pre-invasive and invasive components will facilitate the description of LUAD evolutionary patterns. We micro-dissect malignant pulmonary nodules (MPNs) into paired pre-invasive and invasive components for panel-genomic sequencing and recognize three evolutionary trajectories. Evolutionary mode 1 (EM1) demonstrates none of the common driver events between paired components, but another two modes, EM2A and EM2B, exhibit critical private alterations restricted to pre-invasive and invasive components, respectively. When ancestral clones harbor EGFR mutations, truncal mutation abundance significantly decrease after the acquisition of invasiveness, which may be associated with the intratumoral accumulation of infiltrated B cells. Harboring EGFR mutations is critical to the selective pressure and further impacts the prognosis. Our findings extend the understanding of evolutionary trajectories during invasiveness acquisition in early LUAD.

Unbiased subgenome evolution in allotetraploid species of Ephedra and its implications for the evolution of large genomes in gymnosperms

The evolutionary dynamics of polyploid genomes and consequences of polyploidy have been studied extensively in angiosperms but very rarely in gymnosperms. The gymnospermous genus Ephedra is characterized by a high frequency of polyploidy, and thus provides an ideal system to investigate the evolutionary mode of allopolyploid genomes and test whether subgenome dominance has occurred in gymnosperms. Here we sequenced transcriptomes of two allotetraploid species of Ephedra and their putative diploid progenitors, identified expressed homeologs, and analyzed alternative splicing and homeolog expression based on PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-seq data. We found that the two subgenomes of the allotetraploids had similar numbers of expressed homeologs, similar percentages of homeologs with dominant expression, and approximately equal numbers of isoforms with alternative splicing, showing an unbiased subgenome evolution as in a few polyploid angiosperms, with a divergence of the two subgenomes at approximately 8 Mya. In addition, the nuclear DNA content of the allotetraploid species is almost equal to the sum of two putative progenitors, suggesting limited genome restructuring after allotetraploid speciation. The allopolyploid species of Ephedra might have undergone slow diploidization, and the unbiased subgenome evolution implies that the formation of large genomes in gymnosperms could be attributed to even and slow fractionation following polyploidization.

An Evolutionary Multiagent Framework for Multiobjective Optimization

This article proposes an evolutionary multiagent framework of the co-operative co-evolutionary multiobjective model (CCMO-EMAS), specifically for equipment layout optimization in engineering. In this framework, each agent is set in a multiobjective cooperative co-evolutionary mode along with the algorithms and corresponding settings. In each iteration, agents are executed in turn, and each agent optimizes a subpopulation from system decomposition. Additionally, the collaboration mechanism is addressed to build complete solutions and evaluate individuals in the co-operative co-evolutionary algorithm. Each subpopulation is optimized once, and the corresponding agent is evaluated based on the improvement of the system memory. Moreover, the agent team is also evolved through an elite genetic algorithm. Finally, the proposed CCMO-EMAS framework is verified in a multimodule satellite equipment layout problem.

Linking evolutionary mode to palaeoclimate change reveals rapid radiations of staphylinoid beetles in low-energy conditions

Staphylinoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) is one of the most species-rich groups in animals, but its huge diversity can hardly be explained by the popular hypothesis (co-radiation with angiosperms) that applies to phytophagous beetles. We estimated the evolutionary mode of staphylinoid beetles and investigated the relationship between the evolutionary mode and palaeoclimate change, and thus the factors underlying the current biodiversity pattern of staphylinoid beetles. Our results demonstrate that staphylinoid beetles originated at around the Triassic–Jurassic bound and the current higher level clades underwent rapid evolution (indicated by increased diversification rate and decreased body size disparity) in the Jurassic and in the Cenozoic, both with low-energy climate, and they evolved much slower during the Cretaceous with high-energy climate. Climate factors, especially low O2 and high CO2, promoted the diversification rate and among-clade body size disparification in the Jurassic. In the Cenozoic, however, climate factors had negative associations with diversification rate but little with body size disparification. Our present study does not support the explosion of staphylinoid beetles as a direct outcome of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution (KTR). We suppose that occupying and diversifying in refuge niches associated with litter may elucidate rapid radiations of staphylinoid beetles in low-energy conditions.

Rex Retroelements and Teleost Genomes: An Overview

Repetitive DNA is an intriguing portion of the genome still not completely discovered and shows a high variability in terms of sequence, genomic organization, and evolutionary mode. On the basis of the genomic organization, it includes satellite DNAs, which are organized as long arrays of head-to-tail linked repeats, and transposable elements, which are dispersed throughout the genome. These repeated elements represent a considerable fraction of vertebrate genomes contributing significantly in species evolution. In this review, we focus our attention on Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6, three elements specific of teleost genomes. We report an overview of data available on these retroelements highlighting their significative impact in chromatin and heterochromatin organization, in the differentiation of sex chromosomes, in the formation of supernumerary chromosomes, and in karyotype evolution in teleosts.

Hématomes Extraduraux Chez L’adulte Au Togo

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to evaluate our neurosurgical practice about extradural hematoma and to describe their prognosis in our context. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients treated for extradural hematoma at Sylvanus Olympio university teaching hospital, which houses the only neurosurgery unit in Togo between April 2008 and August 2014. We included in our study, the files of patients of both sexes, aged over 15 years, with extradural hematoma isolated or not at the cerebral scanner, treated during the study period. Thus, 62 patients were taken into account. There was a male predominance (sex ratio of 19.7). The average age was 29.8 years with extremes of 02 and 70 years of which 41.9% of patients were between 20 and 29 years old. The surgical technique was the making of a burr hole or a cranial flap. We examined the parameters related to surgical treatment and the evolutionary mode. Results: In this study, 34 patients (54.8%) underwent surgery: cranial section (27 cases), widened hole craniotomy (07 cases). The average time between trauma and surgery was 09 days with extremes of 01 to 30 days. Twenty-four patients were operated more than 48 hours after diagnosis and the average postoperative follow-up time was 11.1 days with extremes of 07 and 18 days. Twenty-eight patients (45.2%) were not operated on. Among them, 20 patients presented with a HED blade (thickness of less than 10mm) and the eight (08) others for lack of financial means. The average hospital follow-up time for non-operated patients was 15.4 days with extremes of 08 and 60 days. The evolution was evaluated by the Glasgow Outcome Scale over three months. Fifty-five patients or 88.7% recovered without sequel. We obtained 3 cases (4.8%) of deaths including 2 cases that were not operated due to lack of financial means. Conclusion: We have observed that a low Glasgow admission score, long treatment delays, and associated lesions are factors that appear to reduce the prognosis in the treatment of extradural hematoma in Togo. These prognostic factors must be better documented in our future studies to identify them in order to act on them in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality that these extra-mural hematoma cause in our environments.

Topology, divergence dates, and macroevolutionary inferences vary between different tip-dating approaches applied to fossil theropods (Dinosauria)

Dated phylogenies of fossil taxa allow palaeobiologists to estimate the timing of major divergences and placement of extinct lineages, and to test macroevolutionary hypotheses. Recently developed Bayesian ‘tip-dating’ methods simultaneously infer and date the branching relationships among fossil taxa, and infer putative ancestral relationships. Using a previously published dataset for extinct theropod dinosaurs, we contrast the dated relationships inferred by several tip-dating approaches and evaluate potential downstream effects on phylogenetic comparative methods. We also compare tip-dating analyses to maximum-parsimony trees time-scaled via alternative a posteriori approaches including via the probabilistic cal3 method. Among tip-dating analyses, we find opposing but strongly supported relationships, despite similarity in inferred ancestors. Overall, tip-dating methods infer divergence dates often millions (or tens of millions) of years older than the earliest stratigraphic appearance of that clade. Model-comparison analyses of the pattern of body-size evolution found that the support for evolutionary mode can vary across and between tree samples from cal3 and tip-dating approaches. These differences suggest that model and software choice in dating analyses can have a substantial impact on the dated phylogenies obtained and broader evolutionary inferences.