What Motivate Youths to Start a Business: An Empirical Evidence from Eastern Nepal

This survey attempted to explore the motivating factors of young entrepreneurs in eastern Nepal to start a business. Primary data were collected from 204 young entrepreneurs from eastern Nepal using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were coded, entered, and processed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS, version 25). This survey used a quantitative technique to analyze the collected data. The study's findings revealed that most young entrepreneurs of eastern Nepal were motivated by profit potential to start the business, followed by a perceived difficulty tofind a job in Nepal and willingness to do something new through entrepreneurial activity. The least number of entrepreneurs had started their business for legacy purposes and to take advantage of a supportive business network.

Revisiting foreign market entry motivations: the case of Korean commercial banks

PurposeThis study examines what motivates firms to go and remain abroad despite uncertain profit potential. In a departure from probing traditional market-seeking, profit-driven motives, the authors explore how domestically driven, sociocultural motivations may shape the foreign market entry decisions of Korean commercial banks (KCBs). The authors argue that, due to the power imbalance between KCBs and their chaebol clients within the historical and cultural contexts of their relationships, KCBs' foreign market entries may depend more on their clients' presence in these markets than on their profit potential.Design/methodology/approachThe authors focus on the foreign market entries of KCBs and their client firms. Using the data of 8 KCBs and their client firms belonging to the 60 business groups (chaebols) of Korea, the authors analyze 6,577 observations involving the dyadic relationship between a KCB and its client firm in 15 host countries from 2005 to 2014.FindingsThe authors find that the number of clients' subsidiaries operating in foreign markets may increase the likelihood of KCBs entering these markets. Moreover, when KCBs earn more domestic profit from client firms, the potential Korean market in the host country is greater, and the institutional distance between the host country and Korea is smaller.Practical implicationsIn addition to the critical role of a bank-centered financing system in advancing a developing country and its firms, the authors’ findings suggest that firms should pay attention to the local diaspora and the institutional distance between the host and home countries in order to manage power-imbalanced relationships and make them sustainable.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on foreign market entry by demonstrating how the home country's sociocultural factors may worsen the power imbalance, thereby pushing firms to make seemingly irrational decisions to go and stay abroad. That is, KCBs' foreign operations may be a way of seeking relational benefits with client firms, which would serve as a source of long-term domestic market profits. The authors’ findings thus highlight the need to consider how sociocultural factors may also shape firms' decision-making in their international business.

An index framework founded on the future profit potential of female beef cattle to aid the identification of candidates for culling

Meticulous culling decisions, coupled with careful breeding decisions, are fundamental to shifting a population distribution in the favorable direction and improving profit per cow. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of easy-to-use dynamic tools to aid in culling decisions in beef cattle. The motivation for the present study was to develop a monetary-based culling tool, here referred to as the Beef Female’s Profit Potential (BFPP), to identify females for culling. The BFPP reflects the expected lifetime profitability of an individual female in a herd for the expected remainder of her lifetime; this profit included that of the beef female herself as well as her progeny. The BFPP index framework was composed of 4 subindexes reflecting the value of an animal: (1) as a nulliparae (this was voided if the cow had already calved), (2) for the remainder of her current parity, (3) summed across each of her expected remaining parities, and (4) when she is retained within the herd and not voluntarily culled. Each subindex was comprised of different components reflecting both genetic and non-genetic effects associated with each female. Transition matrices predicting the expected longevity of each female and their expected month of calving were also utilized in calculating the expected remaining lifetime profitability of each female. The BFPP index was validated on 21,102 beef cows as well as their harvested progeny from 875 herds by stratifying the cows, within herd, into 4 strata based on their BFPP. The mean of the within-herd correlation between the BFPP and the Irish national replacement (i.e., breeding) index was, on average, 0.45 indicating the shortcomings of the breeding index as a culling tool. Cows within the top BFPP stratum had a genetic expectation of accruing almost an additional €36 profit per calving, relative to cows within the worst stratum; when validated on the cow’s own calving interval and survival performance as well as their progeny’s carcass performance, the actual phenotypic value was estimated to be an additional €32 profit per calving. A proportion of this additional profit was due to the harvested progeny of the high BFPP cows having, on average, heavier, more conformed carcasses with less fat cover relative to their poor BFPP contemporaries. This BFPP framework is a useful and easy-to-use tool to aid in producer decision making on the choice of females to voluntarily cull but also on which replacement heifers to graduate into the mature herd.

RIVALRY AMONGST TOP-FIVE MAJOR AIRLINES IN THE U.S. MARKET

Understanding the economic characteristics of the U.S. airline industry, assessing the degree of competition/rivalry among the competing airline businesses in the U.S. airline industry, and (3) making recommendations to the airlines and to the consumers of air transportation are the primary objectives of this research study. The authors analyze the rivalry among major U.S. airlines operating in the domestic market using datasets extracted from Bureau of Transportation Statistics for operations during a 12-month period ending in May 2019. Amongst the 17 major U.S. airlines, whose annual operational revenue is over $1 billion, a set of top-five airlines has been identified using the percentage of their marketshare. The research findings indicate that these five major airlines have an intense rivalry in the U.S. domestic market in terms of number of markets served, number of departures made, number of passengers transported, amount of cargo carried, load factor, revenue and cost of operations, profit and loss, and net income earned. Hence, these airlines put pressure on one another and limit each other’s profit potential.

Five Forces

A five-forces analysis provides a basis to evaluate and understand an industry and its broad set of participants including suppliers, customers, and competitors. It provides a means for managers to assess the major factors impacting an industry’s profit potential and may help highlight ways that a firm may increase its economic returns relative to the other industry participants. This chapter discusses the underlying theory, core idea, depiction, process, insight or value created, and risks and limitations of a five-forces analysis. Finally, the chapter describes the industry context confronting of Harley-Davidson and applies the steps of five-forces analysis to this case.

Status of Human Trafficking as Modern Day Slavery in South Asia

Human trafficking is one of the major crimes in the world after trafficking in arms and drugs and one of the fastest growing criminal enterprises because it holds relatively low risk with high profit potential. Causes that contribute to human trafficking are commonly believed to be related to poverty, globalization and economic disparities among countries. Human trafficking is the modern equivalent to slavery. It presents a dangerous threat to the human rights and human dignity of many people each year. To understand Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery. To understand how different conflict between SAARC Countries which fuels Human Trafficking, the study has been designed. It is a qualitative descriptive analysis of secondary information. It is simply a literature review of status of human trafficking as modern day slavery in South Asia.

Profiles of Malaria Research in Portugal

Synergies between globalization and knowledge economy were suggested to direct biomedical research towards economically-interested activities. In this context, research in malaria, a disease endemic to poverty, may be at a paradoxical stance. This study addresses this issue assessing whether malaria research is driven by the accumulation of economic and/or other forms of capital. Drawing upon academic and epistemic capitalism, malaria research is characterized through the analysis of all Web of science-indexed publications involving Portuguese organizations (1900-2014; n=467). First, data was systematized by content and bibliometric analyses. Subsequently, multiple correspondence analysis revealed a bi-dimensional landscape (who’s publishing; what’s published) and cluster analysis identified three profiles (beginners; local appropriations; global science). This study reveals the construction of Portugal’s scientific system and unveils the assimilation of dominant modes of organizing, doing and thinking despite malaria’s research low profit potential. Extending this approach to other biomedical fields can unravel the dimensions underlying science’s (re)construction.

Impact of Selected Indicators of Tourism Capacity and Performance in the Context of the Unemployment Rate in Slovakia

Tourism is considered to be the largest service sector leading to a number of social and economic changes. The aim of this paper is to deduce the impacts of selected indicators of capacity and performance of tourism (such as number of accommodation facilities, number of beds, number of visitors in accommodation facilities, number of visitor’s overnight stays, average price of accommodation, and revenue of accommodation) on the socio-economic development of the national economy quantified by the rate of registered unemployment. The data were obtained from database of Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic on annually period. The analysis was carried out at the NUTS 3 level of Slovakia in the period between 2008 and 2017. Determining the extent of the impact of tourism capacity and profit potential indicators on the rate of registered unemployment in Slovakia has shown the supreme importance embodied in the average price for accommodation, confirmed by the result of the regression analysis, concluding that the unemployment rate decreases as the average price for accommodation increases. The analyses described were carried out using regression models, where the resulting relation between the price of accommodation and unemployment was conducted by using the simple linear regression.