Case Study of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Doping by Carbon Nanotubes

Modern material science often makes use of polyvinylidene fluoride thin films because of various properties, like a high thermal and chemical stability, or a ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric activity. Fibers of this polymer material are, on the other hand, much less explored due to various issues presented by the fibrous form. By introducing carbon nanotubes via electrospinning, it is possible to affect the chemical and electrical properties of the resulting composite. In the case of this paper, the focus was on the further improvement of interesting polyvinylidene fluoride properties by incorporating carbon nanotubes, such as changing the concentration of crystalline phases and the resulting increase of the dielectric constant and conductivity. These changes in properties have been explored by several methods that focused on a structural, chemical and electrical point of view. The resulting obtained data have been documented to create a basis for further research and to increase the overall understanding of the properties and usability of polyvinylidene fluoride fiber composites.

Antimicrobial Activities of Metal Containing Compounds and Hybrids

Normally, antibiotics are used for the growth inhibition of a variety of pathogens. The ever- increasing resistance of the various disease-causing pathogens to the antibiotics has drawn tremendous attention of researchers to find efficient alternatives. The recent era of modern material science and nanotechnology has made it possible to replace the existing antibiotics up to some extent. Currently, a vast library of materials has been prepared, which shows excellent performance against pathogens. Such materials consist of certain metals. Through this review, we present some notable studies concerning the antimicrobial activities of various metal containing compounds and their mode of action.

Hyperelastic Bone Involving the Washer Method

The research conducted focuses on 3D printing and its application in medical equipment. A recent breakthrough in modern material science was made with the creation of hyperelastic bone. This exploration looks at how hyperelastic bone is created, the cost comparison to older tools, and the possible design for hyperelastic bone. Detailed calculations and descriptions are also included to explain the reasoning behind the work conducted.

Protein–Polysaccharide Composite Materials: Fabrication and Applications

Protein–polysaccharide composites have been known to show a wide range of applications in biomedical and green chemical fields. These composites have been fabricated into a variety of forms, such as films, fibers, particles, and gels, dependent upon their specific applications. Post treatments of these composites, such as enhancing chemical and physical changes, have been shown to favorably alter their structure and properties, allowing for specificity of medical treatments. Protein–polysaccharide composite materials introduce many opportunities to improve biological functions and contemporary technological functions. Current applications involving the replication of artificial tissues in tissue regeneration, wound therapy, effective drug delivery systems, and food colloids have benefited from protein–polysaccharide composite materials. Although there is limited research on the development of protein–polysaccharide composites, studies have proven their effectiveness and advantages amongst multiple fields. This review aims to provide insight on the elements of protein–polysaccharide complexes, how they are formed, and how they can be applied in modern material science and engineering.

Emerging functional materials based on chemically designed molecular recognition

The specific interactions responsible for molecular recognition play a crucial role in the fundamental functions of biological systems. Mimicking these interactions remains one of the overriding challenges for advances in both fundamental research in biochemistry and applications in material science. However, current molecular recognition systems based on host–guest supramolecular chemistry rely on familiar platforms (e.g., cyclodextrins, crown ethers, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, etc.) for orienting functionality. These platforms limit the opportunity for diversification of function, especially considering the vast demands in modern material science. Rational design of novel receptor-like systems for both biological and chemical recognition is important for the development of diverse functional materials. In this review, we focus on recent progress in chemically designed molecular recognition and their applications in material science. After a brief introduction to representative strategies, we describe selected advances in these emerging fields. The developed functional materials with dynamic properties including molecular assembly, enzyme-like and bio-recognition abilities are highlighted. We have also selected materials with dynamic properties in contract to traditional supramolecular host–guest systems. Finally, the current limitations and some future trends of these systems are discussed.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENERGY FRACTAL NATURE NEW FRONTIERS

The modern material science faces very important priorities of the future new frontiers which open new directions within higher and deeper structure knowledge even down to nano and due to the lack of energy, towards new and alternative energy sources. For example, in our up to date research we have recognized that BaTiO3 and other ceramics have fractal configuration nature based on three different phenomena. First, ceramic grains have fractal shape looking as a contour in cross section or as a surface. Second, there is the so-called “negative space” made of pores and inter-granular space. Being extremely complex, the pore space plays an important role in microelectronics, micro-capacity, PTC, piezoelectric and other phenomena. Third, there is a Brownian process of fractal motions inside the material during and after sintering in the form of micro-particles flow: ions, atoms and electrons. Here we met an exciting task of the Coble model, with already extended and generalized geometries. These triple factors, in combination, make the microelectronic environment of very peculiar electro-static/dynamic combination. The stress is here set on inter-granular micro-capacity and super micro-capacitors in function of higher energy harvesting and energy storage. An attention is paid to components affecting overall impedances distribution. Con­struc­tive fractal theory allows recognizing micro-capacitors with fractal electrodes. The method is based on the iterative process of interpolation which is compatible with the model of grains itself. Inter-granular permeability is taken as a function of temperature as fundamental thermodynamic parameter.

Improvement of Pressing Technology of Products from Polytetrafluoroethylene

The development of new methods for obtaining materials with predetermined operational properties that ensure the durability and the wear resistance of friction units is an urgent problem in modern material science. The article considers the effect of ultrasonic pressing modes with simultaneously superimposed low-frequency amplitude modulation on the mechanical and tribotechnical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene. The comparison of the obtained research results of the new technology is carried out with the traditional pressing technology. The results of studies indicated that the technology of ultrasonic pressing with the simultaneous application of low-frequency amplitude modulation makes it possible to increase the mechanical properties of PTFE: the tensile strength by 15 %, elongation by 13 %, the elastic modulus by 8 %, the hardness by 12 %, while the intensity of the mass wear rate is reduced by 40 %, and the coefficient of friction by 27 %