Individuals Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Participate in Active Recreation: Perspectives From Adults With Developmental Disabilities and Acquired Conditions

Purpose: The aim of the study was to gather the perspectives and lived experiences of 10 adults who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and participate in active recreation. Active recreational participation includes individual sports such as adaptive skiing, surfing, and cycling, as well as unified team sports such as soccer, bocce, and basketball. Method: This research involved a qualitative study with two separate asynchronous online focus groups each conducted over a 6-week span. The focus groups included literate individuals who use AAC and engage in active recreational pursuits across the United States. One focus group included five individuals with acquired conditions, and the other group included five individuals with developmental disabilities. Results: Thematic analysis of the data from both focus groups revealed five primary themes with corresponding subthemes: barriers (intrinsic and extrinsic), supports (intrinsic and extrinsic), benefits (intrinsic and extrinsic), communication (methods), and recommendations for communication partners and people who use AAC. Conclusions: This study provides important information to individuals who use AAC and their communication partners about the benefits of active recreation and the supports needed to make these experiences successful. As a result of this study, speech-language pathologists, related professionals, and caregivers will gain a better understanding of how they can support recreational participation for people who use AAC with a specific focus on enhancing communication and expanding social networks. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17701043

Оpen globe injury in children: epidemiology and predictors of an adverse outcome

Here we aimed to analyse the prevalence, clinical course, and current approaches to the prevention and treatment of open globe injury in children as well as its complications: hyphema, retinal detachment, traumatic uveitis, and endophthalmitis. Currently, children are responsible for the 10-15% of open globe injuries. In developed countries, open globe injury is the leading cause of monocular blindness in children. Open globe injury mainly affects boys (60−70% cases), yet severe injuries are rare, and closed globe injury is the most common type of eye injury. Most injuries are accidental and occur at home in daily life (50−60%), outdoors (20−35%), at school (1−5%), or while playing sports (1−3%). Open globe injury most often affects cornea and is associated with a high risk of early and late complications and poor outcomes. Wearing of protective glasses during sports and active recreation is recognised as an efficient tool for primary prevention of open globe injury in children. The main problems in prevention of complications of open globe injury are the lack of specialised care in low-income countries and the limited awareness of parents.

Impact of Seasonality on Physical Activity: A Systematic Review

Background: The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze the available scientific evidence of the impact of seasonality on physical activity (PA). PA refers to walking, biking, sports and/or active recreation. Methods: The search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and Embase. All publications from January 2015 to September 2020 assessing seasonal variations on physical activity development in adults were selected. Results: A total of 1159 articles were identified, of which 26 fulfilled the selection criteria involving 9300 participants from 18 different countries. The results obtained suggest that seasonality affects PA independently of the countries, pathologies of the participants and the tool to collect PA information. Conclusions: PA level varies across the seasons, with higher PA level in summer compared with other seasons, especially in winter. Sedentary behavior follows the opposite trend. Impact of seasonality variations should be considered in clinical research involving PA as a primary outcome as well as in interventions on PA promotion.

Models of physical education in US school education (late XX - early XXI century)

For Ukrainian pedagogy, it is important to analyze the experience of ways to implement the task in US physical education practice, in which sport is one of the integrative means of forming students' universal, social and personal values, and not only a means of increasing motor activity. The purpose - a comprehensive analysis of models of physical education popular in US schools (late XX - early XXI century.)During 1991-2020, the system of physical education and sports in the United States was transformed in the direction of expanding the opportunities for the formation of important universal values in students. There are many well-developed educational models in the country, which are aimed at increasing both physical and technical fitness, students' awareness of the importance of physical activity for health, and the formation of other values (teamwork, leadership, honesty, self-control, etc.). Widespread in the specified period were such models of education as:Teaching Physical and Social Responsibility Through Physical Activity – TPSR, Teaching Games for the Understanding, Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids – SPARK. The main goal of the Teaching Physical and Social Responsibility Through Physical Activity - TPSR model is to help adolescents control themselves using the active environment that arises during sports, be responsible for their actions and support others.The main conceptual provisions of the Teaching Games for the Understanding model are learning games through the game; formation of informed performers; the importance of each participant in the game; taking into account the level of skill development and challenges facing participants.The goal of the Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids model is to improve the health of children and adolescents by engaging them in physical activity and using special nutrition programs. The program enables teachers to constantly improve, systematically supports them with information, and provides the necessary equipment.

Managing the Motivation of Customers of International Tourism Services

The desires and needs of tourists are often considered to be the motivation for travel. The International Tourism Survey showed that there are four main factors: culture, destinations, social contact and adventure, which influence the decision of tourists to travel in international tourism.The paper discusses the rational and emotional motives that influence tourists' travel choices and the selection of the tourism industry sector. Rational motives represent economic; Minimize risks, stability, life safety, health, property, financial resources; Comfort when arriving at the destination and compatibility of service quality with price.Emotional motives are no less important, include knowledge acquisition, success, respect and recognition, consideration of fashion trends, reputation and status.Based on the motivations of the consumers and the behavior of the people, a list of types of leisure has been formed, which is preferred by a large number of consumers: 1) rest, which has the character of restoration of rest; 2) active recreation (possibly with sports activities); 3) educational and cultural recreation; 4) Spectacular, entertaining, light rest; 5) Medical and recreational rest. We can say that the rapid development of the travel industry today is largely due to the transformation of public consciousness. Today, in the structure of modern human values, there is a quality rest that meets his individual needs. These requirements of the modern consumer of tourism services should be taken into account in the development of tourism-related infrastructure and the tourism industry in order to develop their tourist attractiveness in different regions of the world.