Study on the role of the accident statistics in the design of coal mine safety signs

Accident statistics is an important basis in designing coal mine safety signs. In this paper, we study the process and feasibility for accident statistics as the design basis of the coal mine enterprise safety signs. This paper comes into a conclusion of unsafe actions which cause the accident can be divided into two categories: illegal action and error action. Illegal action could be subdivided into habitual illegal action and accident illegal action, while error action could be subdivided action into skills, decisionmaking and physiological perceptual action. In this paper, we specifically analyze five coal mine accident cases as examples, in order to conclude unsafe actions and unsafe states in every case. Specifically, unsafe acts are: bolt pretightening does not reach the designated position, sitting on the belt, no remote operating point column, maintenance without power cuts and operating under pressure. In addition, these unsafe acts lead to relative unsafe states, which are insufficient bolt pressure, point column instability, machine charging electricity and hydraulic pipe under pressure? Finally, these unsafe states become causations of accidents. Based on statistical analysis, we found out illegal actions of coal mine accident cases and specifically designed five safety signs, which are ‘bolt must be preloaded in place’, ‘be careful of the column’, ‘ban to sit on belts’, ‘forbidden pressing operation’ and ‘maintenance must be power outages’.

Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alert System

The accidents in coal mines are increased day by day. There are numerous life losses of many skilled workers and laborers. There is no advent precaution measure to detect the alarming cause of the coal mine accidents and provide an alert system. Occupational accidents and occupational diseases are common in the mining. The most common causes of accidents in coal mining are firedamp and dust explosions, landslips, mine fires, and technical failures related to transport and mechanization. An analysis of occupational accidents in the consideration of social and economic factors reports that the real causes behind these accidents, which are said to happen inevitably due to technical deficiencies or failures. Thus an automated alarming coal mine accident detect ion system is employed to rescue and protect the workers from the hazards. This system incorporates the combined action of the temperature, pressure and gas sensor and IOT module to detect the temperature, pressure and atmosphere in the coal mine and log every data onto the cloud using data logging. Then these data are accepted by a admin controlled sever page through data acquisition. The data processing takes place at a server page and the alert is send to the device to glow the alarm and to the concerned officials and rescue stations for taking the prevention measures.

Potential of mining, agro-industrial, and urban wastes for the remediation of acidic mine water

<p>Mining is a crucial industry worldwide because of its economic and social importance. However, the increasing number of operating mines raises major concerns for health and the environment. The intense mining activity generates large quantities of wastes associated with several environmental problems. For example, the generation of acid mine drainages (AMD) by oxidation of sulphide ores stored in tailings deposits, leachates high concentrations of potentially harmful elements (PHEs), which poses severe pollution problems to the environment (aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems). This study evaluates the acid neutralisation capacity and the removal effectiveness of inorganic PHEs present in an AMD of different waste materials. This study is a first approach to future studies to develop pilot remediation studies using designed waste-derived Technosols. The waste used includes 4 mining wastes (iron oxide and hydroxide sludges [IO], marble cutting and polishing sludge [MS], gypsum spoil [GS], and carbonated waste from a peat extraction [CW]), 3 urban wastes (composted sewage sludge [WS], bio-stabilised material from municipal solid waste [BM], and vermicompost from pruning and gardening [VC]), and 3 agro-industrial wastes (2 solid olive-mill by-products [OW, OL] and composted greenhouse waste [GW]). All waste materials were spiked with the acidic water (AMD<sub>L</sub>) prepared in the laboratory from the oxidation of pyritic tailings from the Aznalcóllar mine accident (1998). Afterward, they were stirred for 24 h and filtered, separating the waste (solid phase) from the leachate (liquid phase). In the leachate (AMD<sub>L</sub> treated), pH<sub>(L) 1:5</sub>, EC<sub>(L) 1:5</sub>, and inorganic PHEs concentrations were measured, the latter by ICP-MS. The acidic water showed a strongly acidic character (pH<sub>(L)</sub> ~ 2.89), high salinity (EC<sub>(L)</sub> ~ 3.76 dS m<sup>-1</sup>), and high concentrations of PHEs. Among them, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Th, Tl, U, V, Y, and Zn stood out since they far exceed various legal limits widely used worldwide and/or because their high toxicity to humans, animals, plants or microorganisms. The most abundant were Zn (32.21 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), Cu (6.24 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), As (2.86 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), Sb (0.82 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), Pb (0.60 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), and Cd (0.45 mg l<sup>-1</sup>). All wastes were effective in neutralising the acidic pH<sub>(L)</sub> of the AMD, as the leachates showed pH<sub>(L)</sub> close to 7. In contrast, changes in the EC<sub>(L)</sub> have been very irregular among the wastes used. In general, all wastes have been effective in adsorbing the PHEs. Inorganic wastes have been much more effective than organic ones, with adsorption efficiencies above 95% for many of the PHEs (particularly for those in higher concentrations). The waste with the best remediation behaviour were IO, CW, MS, GS, and VC. Conversely, GW and WS were the worst at removing PHEs present in AMD. Therefore, this study shows that many of wastes tested are suitable for the construction of Technosols from these wastes to prevent soil pollution by AMD discharge.</p>

Mathematical Modelling using Gray Markov SCGM(1,1)c of Zambia’s Fatal Mining Accidents Between 2001 and 2015

Most mine accidents are caused by human error. The effects of accidents either fatal or not are adverse and range from economical to social. In this paper, the amended Grey Markov model with double exponential smoothing has been used. Predicting fatal accidents will provide the basis of safety assessment and decision making and also help to plan for possible economic and social impacts generated by fatal accidents. The amended Grey Markov combines the advantages of the grey prediction model and the Markov chains and can, therefore, be used on data that is few, has little and stochastic fluctuations. The gray SCGM(1,1)c model is applied to imitate the development tendency of the mine safety accident, and adopt the amended model to improve prediction accuracy, while Markov prediction is used to predict the fluctuation along with the tendency. Finally, the model is applied to forecast the fatal mine accident deaths from 2001 to 2015 in Zambia, and, 2016 fatal mine accidents were predicted. The model predicted the fatal mine accidents results with a relative error of 0.06 and is classified as excellent in the precision test. The proposed model, therefore, possesses a stronger engineering application.

“Shielding Us from What We Are Not Yet Ready To See”

This chapter examines direct representations of being caught inside terror. Concentrating on Oliver Stone’s 9/11disaster-melodrama World Trade Center (2006), it demonstrates how the eclipse of professional capacity and mobility, focused on Port Authority officers entrapped at “Ground Zero”, profoundly destabilizes male identity. A sub-generic mid-film shift from “disaster epic” to “mine accident” movie seeks to contain (this) terror, making space for the trapped officers’ symbolic restoration to the home as husband-fathers. This recuperation is undercut by subsequent, idealized returns to uniformed “protective” roles by rescuers, which remasculinizes American manhood (and national identity). The chapter finally argues that these already ambivalent recoveries are irretrievably overwhelmed by numerous gaping absences that conclude the film, including of the frighteningly unspecified “terror-Other” attackers. The chapter also examines the imagined experience onboard United Flight 93 in United 93 (2006) and the ambivalent association of male characters with the Twin Towers in 25th Hour (2002).

Crisis and disaster management in mines (Case study of Copiapo mine accident 2010): إدارة الأزمات والكوارث في المناجم: (دراسة حالة حادثة منجم كوبيابو 2010)

This study aims at clarifying the role of the crisis and disaster management system in the mines and development of organizational plans, the development of contact with the detainees in the mines and their organization with the world. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, where the case of the Copiapo mine incident was studied. The results of study are: The San Jose mine incident indicates the seriousness of poor working conditions for miners during exploration, where neglect and failure to try to fix it for the best may result in disaster. The Chilean government used high efforts and efforts to rescue the workers trapped inside the mine, and there was good planning, implementation, use and innovation of the latest technologies, the results of which were the rescue of all 33 detainees. - The rescue of mine workers in Chile is a practical application that shows that dealing with crises requires human and material preparations in advance. The recommendations of study are: Increasing the awareness of mine workers and their knowledge of the culture of dealing with disaster and risk management, while providing the miners with intensive courses related to the security and safety standards in the mines and providing the staff in the mines with intensive courses in first aid, under the supervision and supervision. Provide rescue teams for mining accidents with experience in dealing with mines. Trying to carry out more than one escape exit and more than one shelter during the mining process.

The determinants of corporate social irresponsibility: a case study of the Soma mine accident in Turkey

Purpose Taking the deadliest mine accident in Turkey’s history as a case of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI), this study aims to examine the adequacy of Campbell’s (2007) model to explain firms’ CSI behaviour. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied a case study research method and collected secondary data in both English and Turkish from multiple sources between 2010 and 2017. Findings The authors found seven of the eight propositions in Campbell’s framework applicable. The only condition that did not fit the authors’ case was financial pressure. The authors concluded that top management’s greed and lack of conscience significantly contributed to their gross negligence of safety measures and employee welfare. Their exploitative human resource practices, supported by low employee voice culture, added to the vulnerability of the mining workers. Research limitations/implications The authors depended on secondary data in developing and analysing the case. The authors had no primary data collected directly from the participants involved in the accident. Moreover, relying on a single case to challenge an established framework may not achieve the necessary rigour, although an in-depth case study is likely to produce a good story. Practical implications To prevent mining accidents from happening, Turkey needs to strengthen all three types of institutions (legal and regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive) related to mining safety. As coal mining is harmful to the environment and public health, regulators and policymakers need to consider their dependence on coal mining as a source of energy and actively seek to adopt other clean energy alternatives. Originality/value This study contributes to the under-researched field of CSI by applying a dual economic and institutional perspective and refining it with the authors’ data.