Agrochemical condition and nutrition balance of newly irrigated light gray soils of Uzbekistan

This paper notes the geographical location, soil and climatic conditions, geomorphological and geological structure of Jizzakh province, as well as the agrochemical status of newly irrigated light gray soils formed in Arnasay district of the province, nutrients and their balance in the autumn glaciers. According to the results of chemical analysis, it was found that the mechanical composition of the studied soils consists of light sandy and loamy soils, in which fine sand particles (0.5-0.05%) predominate. The study showed that in the driving layers of newly irrigated light gray soils, humus was present at 0.823-0.936%, total nitrogen at 0.059-0.084%, total phosphorus at 0.096-0.135%, and total potassium at 1.05-1.36%, humus and mobile nutrients. It was noted that they belong to very low and low-income groups according to their level. The amount of mineral and local fertilizers applied to winter wheat, the residues of winter wheat and the amount of crop and stem (straw) grown in relation to the amounts that fall into the soil by natural means is high (N-15.1 kg/ha, P-3, 6 kg/ha, K-34.4 kg/ha).

RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR ABOUT NUTRITION BALANCE WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF STUDENT IN POLTEKKES KEMENKES BENGKULU IN 2020

The health and nutritional status of pregnant women determined at teenager and adult during a eligible woman, so everyone must have knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about nutrition so that they don’t have mistakes in food selection. The purpose of this observation is determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior about nutritional balance with the nutritional status of students in Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu in 2020. The design of this observation is obsevational cross-sectional design conducted in January in Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu with a population of 640 people and a sample of 60 people. The statistical analysis used the pearson correlation test. The results showed that the average knowledge about balanced nutrition was good enough, the average attitude about balanced nutrition was good, the average behavior about balanced nutrition was good and the average nutritional status of female students was in the normal category. There is a relationship between knowledge about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.324), there is a relationship between attitudes about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.373), and there is a relationship between behavior about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.343). It is expected that students can improve their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about nutritional balance.

A study on plant nutrition balance, soil fertility and economic returns of investments

Plant nutrition balance plays a major role in the universal need to increase food production to meet the demands of the growing world population. Fertilizer application resulted in marked crop yield increases, which for most crops were more than hundred. The extent to which fertilizers are used still differs considerably between various regions of the world. Soil nutrient status is widely constrained by the limited use of inorganic and organic fertilizers and by nutrient loss mainly due to erosion and leaching. Many small holder farmers do not have access to synthetic fertilizer because of high price of fertilizers, lack of credit facilities, poor distribution, and other socio-economic factors. Consequently, crop yields are low, in fact decreasing in many areas, and the sustainability of the current farming system is at risk. Therefore, the aim of this review was to review the role of integrated Plant nutrition balance management for improving crop yield and enhancing soil fertility under small holder farmers in dry areas, and recommend the appropriate approaches for enhancing soil fertility and increasing crop yield for small holder farmers in dry and semi-dry areas. These are the key challenges of adoption in the scaling up of such alternative soil fertility management practices to millions of small-scale farmers. There is a need, therefore, for research and extension to sort out issues of adoption and scaling up of the available options. In order to address soil fertility problems, potential synergies can be gained by combining technical options with farmers’ knowledge as well as training of farmers and development agent on new soil fertility management approaches. So, the results of this review showed that, the integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers improve productivity of crops as well as the fertility status of the soil. The reasons for this are many, which include access or availability of inputs, use of organic resources for other purposes in place of soil fertility, nutrient balancing, collecting, transporting and management of organic inputs and economic returns of investments.

Production of catechol siderophores by bacteria selected from feces of a healthy female adult through screening NRPS A domain

Background: Catechol siderophores, which are widespread in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and play important roles in maintaining iron-nutrition balance between microorganisms and host, are small molecules with a high affinity for ferric iron and are assembled by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). In this study, we select strains encoding NRPS A domain gene from feces of a health female adult, predict its products type, and check it out in vitro . Results: Firstly, eight bacteria were determined encoding NRPS A domain gene, and then two kind of catechol siderophores, Bacillibactin and Enterobactin, were predicted according to NRPS A domain substrate specificity. Secondly, Bacillibactin and Enterobactin were checked out in cultured medium aerobic incubated with selected strains of E. Coli, Bacillus sp. and B. Cereus. For the yield of catechol siderophores, B. cereus Gut 16 secreted highest yield of Bacillibactin and E. coli Gut 07 produce highest yield of Enterobactin. Conclusion: By presence determination and activity prediction of NRPS A domain, two siderophores, Bacillibactin and Enterobactin, were checked out finally being secreted by selected strains cultured in a aerobic medium. Further research on the potential probiotic property is necessary to affirm the application in biological industry, as well as to elucidate their mechanism in human gut. Keywords : Catechol siderophores, Enterobactin, Bacillibactin, NRPS A domain, Feces, Probiotics

Determining the balance between nutrition and sustainability of 173 food products using stepwise optimisation

IntroductionThe balance between nutrition and environmental impact is key for determining whether a product is future-proof. This balance refers to the Sustainability Nutrition Balance (SNB). A product that provides nutrients which improve the quality of the current diet with a low sustainability impact has a better SNB-score than a product that contains nutrients that we tend to consume in excess (like salt or saturated fat) and/ or with a high sustainability impact. For 173 food products, we calculated the SNB-score. These scores are valuable to guide product development in the direction of future healthy and sustainable diets.Materials and methodsBased on the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Food Consumption Database 173 products were selected, making up a European average diet. EFSA Food Composition Database was used to gather the nutritional properties of the products, like energy, dietary fibre, vitamin D, magnesium. About 60 nutritional properties were considered. The environmental impact of the products was calculated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. EFSA's Dietary Reference Values for Nutrients and Tolerable Upper Intake Values for Vitamins and Minerals were consulted to determine the nutritional constraints for a healthy diet.To analyse the SNB-score the amount of a product in the diet is varied in steps. At every step the diet is optimised for nutritional constraints, using quadratic programming. This allows identification of trends in terms of the environmental impact of the diet on indicators like climate change and land use. An increase of impact with an increase in amount of product leads to a higher SNB-score. This indicates that the group of products which is nutritionally equivalent to the product of focus is a more sustainable alternative. The lower the SNB-score, the more future-proof a product is in terms of sustainability and nutrition.Results and discussionThis analysis has led to a palette of SNB-scores for the 173 products in the European average diet. Meat tends to have a higher SNB-score than dairy and whole grain products can have a negative SNB-score. This means the environmental impact of the product decreases when whole grains are consumed in increasing amounts. The palette of SNB-scores serves as a benchmark for product development. To create more future-proof products the SNB-scores can be improved by changing the nutritional or environmental profile by altering recipes or production processes.

Models on providing food security: case of Ukraine

Providing food security is a top issue of agricultural economics in a global scale. Although Ukraine helps other countries become more food secure through its exports of wheat, corn, barley, and sunflower, low per capita income levels create challenges for Ukrainians to keep their diet nutrition balance in animal food basket. The research objective supposed applying mathematical apparatus to support solving this problem. The offered consumption optimization model has been developed to ensure inelastic customers’ food preferences by animal products subject to income and calories constraints. The proposed econometric models have been designed to project broiler, pork, eggs, milk, and beef productions. Complex implementation of the set mathematical models maintained the tool to analyze scenarios by expected export/import and demands for grain and oilseed crops used for feed in animal husbandry. The results of this research provide state authorities, livestock and poultry producers, Ukrainian consumers and other interested parties with management guidance focused on developing animal husbandry in the presence of income, as well as animal product price variability.

Features of the development of diets for preschool children in celiac patients

The article presents the results of a study on the development of diets for feeding children with food polyvalent allergy, incl. and gluten at the age of 3–7 years for feeding children in pre-school educational organizations. Food allergies to gluten or gluten enteropathy (celiac disease) is a chronic human disease in which eating food from wheat, rye, and barley grain causes a wide range of pathological changes in the body: damage to the small intestine mucosa, a sharp deterioration in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The developed 10 day menu, corresponding to the principles of the child's nutritional needs (physiological norms of consumption), distribution of nutrition during the day, the child's need for food. The data of caloric distribution of the diet for individual meals are presented. The evaluation of the nutrition balance of children was carried out on the basis of the SanPiN guidelines 2.4.1.3049-13. Satisfaction of diurnal physiological norms of consumption on the main macronutrients, vitamins, minerals and energy value of the diet on the basis of the analysis of menu-layouts is considered. It is shown that measures to form healthy food habits in preschool children as part of a healthy lifestyle should be systemic, ensuring continuity and continuity of this process, as well as taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children. Since the gluten-free diet is a health preventive for people with celiac compliance, it needs a long time.