A Randomized Comparative Trial of Targeted Steroid Injection via Epidural Catheter vs Standard Transforaminal Epidural Injection for the Treatment of Unilateral Cervical Radicular Pain: Six-Month Results

Objectives Compare the effectiveness of catheter-directed cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection (C-CIESI) with triamcinolone to cervical transforaminal steroid injection (CTFESI) with dexamethasone for the treatment of refractory unilateral radicular pain. Design Prospective, randomized, comparative trial. Methods Primary outcome: proportion of participants with ≥50% numeric rating scale pain score reduction from baseline “dominant pain” (the greater of arm vs neck) at one month postinjection. Secondary outcomes: ≥30% Neck Disability Index (NDI-5) reduction and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) response indicating “much improved” or “very much improved.” Results One hundred twenty participants (55.6% females, 52.3 ± 12.5 years of age, BMI 28.2 ± 6.5 kg/m2), were enrolled. The proportions of participants who experienced ≥50% pain reduction at one, three, and six months were 68.5% (95% CI = 54.9–79.5%), 59.3% (95% CI = 45.7–71.6%), and 60.8% (95% CI = 46.7–73.2%), respectively, in the C-CIESI group compared with 49.1% (95% CI = 36.4–62.0%), 46.4% (95% CI = 33.8–59.6%), and 51.9% (95% CI = 38.4–65.2%), respectively, in the CTFESI group. The between-group difference at one month was significant (P = 0.038). The proportions of participants who experienced a ≥30% NDI-5 score improvement were 64.0% (95% CI = 49.8–76.1%) and 54.9% (95% CI = 41.1–68.0%) in the C-CIESI and CTFESI groups (P = 0.352). Participants reported similar PGIC improvement in both groups: At six months, 53.2% (95% CI 38.9–67.1%) and 54.5% (95% CI = 39.7–68.7%) of the C-CIESI and CTFESI groups reported being “much improved” or “very much improved,” respectively (P = 0.897). Conclusions Both C-CIESI with triamcinolone and CTFESI with dexamethasone are effective in reducing pain and disability associated with refractory unilateral cervical radiculopathy in a substantial proportion of participants for at least six months.

Inadvertent Discogram During Lumbar Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection

Background: Interlaminar epidural steroid injections (ILESI) are the most common injection performed for lumbosacral radicular pain. In order to continually improve the performance and safety profile of ILESI, it is imperative to report complications and inadvertent outcomes in addition to studies on efficacy in order to create guidelines to mitigate risk of potential debilitating sequelae. Case Report: Here we present a case report of a 36-year-old man who underwent a right sided ILESI for right sided lumbosacral radicular pain from a disc herniation. Following the injection, he had complete resolution of right sided symptoms. However, 4 weeks later he developed left sided lumbosacral radicular for which he underwent repeat left sided ILESI that resulted in an inadvertent discogram. Following this procedure a new magnetic resonance image was obtained that revealed a new large left L5-S1 paracentral extrusion with caudal migration of disc material abutting the ligamentum flavum in the path of the left-sided injection attempt. The patient was treated with oral antibiotics and suffered no significant sequelae from the inadvertent discogram. Conclusions: Discogram during ILESI is a highly unusual and rare complication. We discuss the management and prevention of this complication and review the limited existing literature. Key words: Anticoagulation guidelines, direct thrombin inhibitors, interventional pain, interventional spine, ischemic pain, neuromodulation