A configurable fluorescence sensing front-end for ultra-low power and high sensitivity applications

This paper presents an ultra-low power, high sensitivity configurable CMOS fluorescence sensing front-end for implantable biosensors at single-cell level measurements. The front-end is configurable by a set of switches and consists of three integrated photodiodes (PD), three transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) for detecting a current range between 1 pA up to 10 mA. Also, an ambient light canceling technique is proposed to make the sensor operate under different environmental conditions. The proposed front-end could be configured for ultra-low light detection or ultra-low power consumption. The circuit is designed and fabricated in a 0.35 µm standard CMOS technology, and the measurement results are presented. The minimum integrated input-referred current noise is measured as 1.07 pA with the total average power consumption of 61.8 µW at an excitation frequency of 80 Hz. For ultra-low-power configuration, the front-end has an average power consumption of 119 nW and input integrated current noise of 210 pA at an excitation frequency of 20 kHz.

Spatiotemporal Assessment Of The Effect of Indoor Noise On Annoyance, Health And Comfort In Hospital Wards And Intensive Care Unit

Hospital-noise levels can induce physiological responses, and affects sleep quality, which could contribute to cardiovascular-related health problems. Till date, high resolution hospital noise exposure assessment studies have not received much attention in Oman. This study aims at assessing sound pressure levels across hospital wards and intensive care unit (ICU) rooms to determine annoyance, and potential health effects based on perception and risk estimates. An indoor exposure assessment using high precision noise sensors was conducted in a female medical ward (FMW), isolated ward (SLW), emergency ward (EMW), and intensive care Unit (ICU) in a public hospital in Muscat city, Oman. Self–administered questionnaire was randomly distributed among respondents using both online and field survey approach to ascertain annoyance, health effects, and potential risks associated with exposure. The study found that 24–hr noise levels (LAeq) ranged from 55.2–61.7 dB(A) in the hospital wards and ICU rooms, which exceeded WHO’s hospital indoor rooms critical limit of 35 dB(A) by 58% – 76%. A total of 150 participants took part in the survey. Among the respondents, 53% reported moderate annoyance at the hospital wards while 56% felt sensitivity to the noise levels. Noise annoyance was reported by the majority of the patients across the various wards and emergency rooms as causing slight annoyance (50%) and intermittent sleep disturbances (49%). The majority (73%) of the medical staff have complained that the current noise levels affect overall work performance (p = 0.004), while 70% of them have further complained of it as a cause of workplace distraction (p = 0.011). Quantitative risk estimates showed that both the % of highly annoyed (HA) persons (16%), and highly sleep–disturbed (HSD) persons (9%) were very high in FMW, while ICU was found to have the lowest risk. However, the greater number of the respondents (87%) believed there are possibilities of mitigating (p <0.001) the current noise levels.

Impact of Aircraft Noise on Communities Near Belgrade Airport

The aim of this research was to examine the impact of aircraft noise on communities near the Belgrade Airport by conducting short-term noise measurements. Apart from the noise abatement procedure published in the Aeronautical Information Publication for Belgrade Airport, there are still neither publicly available reports of the actual efforts made towards the aircraft noise reduction nor the description of the current noise situation. In order to estimate the current noise situation, eighteen aircraft overflight noise measurements were taken in two settlements in specific sound-sensitive community areas around the Belgrade Airport. The results showed that level differences between background noise and aircraft overflights were higher than 10 dB for each measurement and could be considered significant. Furthermore, preliminary compatibility analysis with acoustic zoning was performed. Average daily noise levels were estimated from these short-term measurements and were compared to legal noise limits for different acoustic zones. The results indicate that in some cases noise levels exceed the legal threshold, which should encourage land use planners to include the issue of Belgrade acoustic zoning on the agenda, but also prompt Belgrade Airport to implement continuous noise and flight tracks monitoring.