Modification and Application of Waste Shaddock Peel as a Green Additive for Water-Based Drilling Fluid

To develop an eco-friendly drilling fluid additive, shaddock peel was modified and was used in water-based drilling fluid in this work. The shaddock peel has obvious effects on rheological properties, filtration, and wall formation of drilling fluid. It also displays the inhibition of clay swelling, while the shaddock peel slurry is easy to ferment, mildew and so on. The performance of the shaddock peel slurry and moldy/fermented shaddock peel slurry in water-based drilling fluid were compared, which shows that the efficiency, such as the AV and PV, decrease obviously by more than 50%. The swelling rate of bentonite in the water extraction of moldy/fermented shaddock peel in 90 min is about 62%, which is obviously higher than the swelling rate of the non-mildew/fermented shaddock peel water extract, 46%. Then preservative was evaluated in shaddock peel slurry modified drilling fluid. The result indicates that the effect of moldy/fermentation on the viscosity and the inhibition of shaddock peel was obviously inhibited by the preservative. The combined sodium benzoate and formaldehyde can protect the shaddock peel slurry from mildew and fermentation, which can keep the performance of shaddock peel slurry in the drilling fluid.

A prospective on multiple biological activities of lactoferrin contributing into piglet welfare

Piglets, especially for weaning piglets, due to rapid growth, physiological immaturity and gradual reduction of maternal antibodies, showed a lower immunity level and higher morbidity, which affects seriously growth performance and economic benefits. It is important that the piglets are how to adapt to nutrient digestion and absorption, and to develop the intestinal function and the colonization of gut microbiota during early stage as soon as possible. Lactoferrin is a natural glycoprotein polypeptide that is differentiated from the transferrin family. It is widely found in mucosal secretions such as saliva and tears, and most highly in milk and colostrum. As a multifunctional bioactive protein and a recommended food additive, lactoferrin is a potential candidate of alternatives to antibiotics and health promoter additive in piglet nutrition and production，it is expected that lactoferrin as green additive would play its important role for health maintaining in pig production. The following actual effects would be reviewed and evaluated: improvement on the digestion and absorption capacity in intestinal tracts, promotion on iron supplementation and reduction of the incidence of iron deficiency anemia, regulation on intestinal function and microbial flora balance, and enhancement on the disease resistance of piglets as an immunomodulatory and enhancer.