Effect of Industries on the Environment of Jiaozhou Bay

Since China's move towards reform and opening up, the problem of environmental pollution has becomes more and more serious. This paper tried to reveal the pollution level, distribution characteristics, migration patterns, and sources of the pollutants in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979. Results showed that, in 1979, waters in Jiaozhou Bay had little been contaminated by Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg; while bad been contaminated by HCH and PHC in a certain level. The major pollution sources of Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, HCH, and PHC could be considered as point source, dry and wet deposition, wastewater and sewage, rock weathering, and agricultural non-point source, respectively. The temporal, horizonal and vertical distributions of pollutants in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979 had showed the influences of human activities on environmental quality, even if in the beginning of the reform and opening-up in China. The development of social and economic development should be on the base of protecting environment and concordant to the capacity of nature.

Strategies for Restoring River Ecosystems: Sources of Variability and Uncertainty in Natural and Managed Systems

<em>Abstract</em>.—Hydrogeomorphic processes play key roles in creating, modifying, or destroying aquatic habitat and act as ecological disturbances that shape ecosystem characteristics and dynamics. Within the broad regional context set by general patterns of climate, physiography (geology and topography), and vegetation, the combined influences of the hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetation regimes dominate the variability of river systems. Interactions among these regimes can strongly influence river ecosystems, and an understanding of the nature of these regimes and disturbance histories is crucial for setting restoration targets and interpreting the long-term ecological influences of hydrogeomorphic processes. It is difficult to design effective stream and channel restoration measures, or evaluate project performance, without an understanding of the pertinent geomorphic context, habitat-forming processes, and disturbance history. Of particular relevance are the main processes that transport and store water, sediment, and wood, and how differences in current and potential conditions are related to local conditions, basin-wide contexts, and the influences of human activities. Because stream and channel processes and characteristics vary regionally and throughout a drainage basin, there is no universal template for guiding restoration efforts. In designing restoration measures, it is essential to address trends and differences between current and potential conditions to ensure that restoration efforts are neither futile nor poorly matched to the site or system in question.