Bentonite blended with bagasse ash as an adsorbent for reactive red 198 dyes

Adsorption offers efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for the treatment of dye-laden wastewater. This work presents, reactive red 198 (RR198) removal by adsorption using bentonite clay (BC) blended with sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA). The adsorbent's surface morphologies, crystalline phase structures, functional groups, and specific surface before and after adsorption were examined using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET respectively. Central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize independent and dependent variable values. The optimal parameters for RR198 removal using the blended adsorbent were 107 minutes contact time, 0.934 g/L adsorbent dose, and 15 mg/L initial dye concentration, and 85.2% RR198 removal efficiency was achieved. The sorption isotherms and kinetics were evaluated using various existing models. The Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.95) and the pseudo-second-order equation best described the adsorption parameters and the RR198 adsorption kinetic mechanism, respectively. Desorption and reusability experiments in batch study confirmed that BC blended with SCBA can be used multiple times for dye removal from wastewater.

Stabilization of Johor Peat Soil using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA)

Peat soil have been categorized as a problematic organic soil, because they have a high settlement rate when placed any structure on it. Therefore, the peat soil must first be stabilized using cement before it can be used. However, massive use of cement can lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, this study intends to use sugar cane bagasse ash as a substitute for cement in peat soil stabilization. The mix ratio of 5% to 20% was used to find the optimal mix ratio. Various tests were carried out on samples such as basic properties tests, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). After all the tests, the 5% replacement SCBA mix ratio gave the highest unconfined compressive strength if compared to the other mixtures ratio. Therefore, it is selected as the optimum mix ratio. The soil strength achieved by the SCBA 5% replacement ratio was found to be higher than cement stabilization alone due to the presence of secondary pozzolan reactions. The microstructure result from the SEM test had shown that the 5% replacement SCBA mix ratio filled in the hollow left by the peat soil. Hence, able to improve its soil structure and thus increasing its strength.

Experimental Studies on Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash based Geomaterials

Use of conventional materials is increasing day by day due to rapid infrastructural growth which increases the cost of materials and increases the cost of construction. Hence utilization of Sugar cane bagasse ash waste materials without causing threat to environment solves the problems of disposal and also can provide economical materials. In this study glass fiber, sugarcane bagasse ash and blast furnace slag were used and cement used for binding purpose. Different mix ratio was prepared to understand the effect of addition of glass fibre on sugar cane bagasse ash based materials under compressive loading. The mix ratio was taken 0.2 to 1.0% for the research work. Blast furnace slag was added 10% to weight of sugar cane bagasse ash. The sample were tested for compressive loading for 7, 14, 28 days respectively. The density is most important parameter of materials. It was observed that the density of materials significantly influences with addition of glass fibre. The density of materials decreases with percentage of glass fiber increase. The density of materials varies between 901.1 kg/m3 to 741.10kg/m3The compressive strength also significantly affected by percentages of glass fibre. The compressive strength ranging 82 kPa to 798 kPa. The compressive strength increases up to certain mix ratio then decrease continuously. The stiffness of sugar cane bagasse ash specimens reinforced with glass fiber at cement 20% more than 15% and 10%.The stiffness also increase with the curing period. The maximum load was observed at 0.6% mix ratio. The stress strain behavior was observed to be nonlinear.

Physical, Mechanical and Durability Properties of Ecofriendly Ternary Concrete Made with Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash and Silica Fume

In the present investigation, the physical, mechanical and durability properties of six concrete mixtures were evaluated, one of conventional concrete (CC) with 100% Portland cement (PC) and five mixtures of Ecofriendly Ternary Concrete (ETC) made with partial replacement of Portland Cement by combinations of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) and silica fume (SF) at percentages of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The physical properties of slump, temperature, and unit weight were determined, as well as compressive strength, rebound number, and electrical resistivity as a durability parameter. All tests were carried out according to the ASTM and ONNCCE standards. The obtained results show that the physical properties of ETC concretes are very similar to those of conventional concrete, complying with the corresponding regulations. Compressive strength results of all ETC mixtures showed favorable performances, increasing with aging, presenting values similar to CC at 90 days and greater values at 180 days in the ETC-20 and ETC-30 mixtures. Electrical resistivity results indicated that the five ETC mixtures performed better than conventional concrete throughout the entire monitoring period, increasing in durability almost proportionally to the percentage of substitution of Portland cement by the SCBA–SF combination; the ETC mixture made with 40% replacement had the highest resistivity value, which represents the longest durability. The present electrical resistivity indicates that the durability of the five ETC concretes was greater than conventional concrete. The results show that it is feasible to use ETC, because it meets the standards of quality, mechanical resistance and durability, and offers a very significant and beneficial contribution to the environment due to the use of agro-industrial and industrial waste as partial substitutes up to 50% of CPC, which contributes to reduction in CO2 emissions due to the production of Portland cement, responsible for 8% of total emissions worldwide.

The Effect of the Calcination Temperature on the Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) for Use As Pozzolan

Statement of Novelty: This study analyzes the influence of the washing process and the calcination temperature on the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of SCBA. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA). The ashes were obtained by calcination of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), a waste product generated by the sugar and alcohol industry, at temperatures of 500°C, 600° C and 700°C, and the influence of this calcination on the pozzolanic activity of SCBA. The techniques used to characterize these ashes include helium gas picnometry, sedigraphy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The evaluation of the pozzolanicity of these ashes was carried according to chemical titration method as proposed by Fratini, modified Chapelle method and finally using the pozzolanic activity index (PAI) with cement. The results showed that the SCBA presented high pozzolanicity, regardless of the calcination temperature.