Role of Educational attainment in Married Women’s Entry into and Escape from Labor Force in Pakistan

The current analysis aims to establish a disaggregated impact of various stages of education on married women’s labor supply, for which responses on various socio-economic determinants of labor supply have been recorded from 834 females from District Sahiwal. Binomial Logistic Regression analysis concluded that education is generally the most significant factor of female labor supply. A higher likelihood has been observed between educated females and a lower probability for non-educated ones to fall into the active labor force. However, a higher level of assets ensures a lower probability of falling into the workforce, furthermore, age, marital status, presence of children, and family setup corroborate female labor supply with a positive impact. Efforts need to be made to transform a woman’s role from an “income shielding” to an “income-generating” role by providing education. Female economic contribution and empowerment are influential tools to uplift the living standard of the household level.

Cash transfer and female labor supply: evidence from Brazil’s rural area

This paper analyzed the relationship between Bolsa Família Program (BFP) and labor supply of women in rural areas from Brazil, using the Propensity Score Matching (with the nearest-neighbor, kernel, and IPW criteria), Ordinary Least Squares on the treatment (beneficiaries), and control (non-beneficiaries) groups with the robustness analysis proposed by Oster (2015). The results showed that the BFP has an opposite effect to the one pronounced in the critiques of the program, the beneficiaries did not have more or fewer work hours than the non-beneficiaries, this fact can be explained by the value of the benefit not being able to meet the expenses of the household. From these results, we can conclude that both tests reinforce the importance of continuing the investigation of the effects on female labor supply in the rural environment in the light of different guidelines.